Isotopes of antimony

Isotopes of antimony (51Sb)
Main isotopes[1]Decay
Isotopeabun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
121Sb57.2%stable
123Sb42.8%stable
125Sbsynth2.758 yβ−125Te
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sb)
  • 121.760±0.001[2]
  • 121.76±0.01 (abridged)[3]

Antimony (51Sb) occurs naturally as two stable isotopes, 121Sb (57.21%) and 123Sb (42.79%). There are 37 artificial radioactive isotopes known with mass numbers 104 to 142, the lightest two of which (104-105Sb) are beyond the proton drip line. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable isotopes tend to decay by β+, and those that are heavier tend to decay by β−; the intermediate 122Sb is observed to decay in both ways.

The most stable radioisotope of antimony is the minor fission product 125Sb, with a half-life of 2.758 years; 124Sb, with half-life 60.20 days; and 126Sb, with half-life 12.35 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 4 days, most less than an hour. Of the numerous isomers reported, the longest-lived is 120m1Sb with half-life 5.76 days; this nuclide has not been confirmed not to be the ground state.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1]		ZNIsotopic mass (Da)[4]
[n 2][n 3]		Half-life[1]
Decay
mode[1]
[n 4]		Daughter
isotope
[n 5][n 6]		Spin and
parity[1]
[n 7][n 8]		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 8]Normal proportion[1]Range of variation
104Sb5153103.936331(24)[5]470(130) msβ+?104Sn
p (<7%)103Sn
β+, p (<7%)103In
α?100In
105Sb5154104.931277(23)1.12(16) sβ+ (>99.9%)105Sn(5/2+)
p (<0.1%)104Sn
β+, p?104In
106Sb5155105.9286380(80)0.6(2) sβ+106Sn(2+)
106mSb103.5(3) keV226(14) nsIT106Sb(4+)
107Sb5156106.9241506(45)4.0(2) sβ+107Sn5/2+#
108Sb5157107.9222267(59)7.4(3) sβ+108Sn(4+)
109Sb5158108.9181412(57)17.2(5) sβ+109Sn5/2+#
110Sb5159109.9168543(64)23.6(3) sβ+110Sn(3+)
111Sb5160110.9132182(95)75(1) sβ+111Sn(5/2+)
112Sb5161111.912400(19)53.5(6) sβ+112Sn(3+)
112mSb825.9(4) keV536(22) nsIT112Sb(8−)
113Sb5162112.909375(18)6.67(7) minβ+113Sn5/2+
114Sb5163113.909289(21)3.49(3) minβ+114Sn3+
114mSb495.5(7) keV219(12) μsIT114Sb(8−)
115Sb5164114.906598(17)32.1(3) minβ+115Sn5/2+
115mSb2796.26(9) keV159(3) nsIT115Sb(19/2)−
116Sb5165115.9067927(55)15.8(8) minβ+116Sn3+
116m1Sb93.99(5) keV194(4) nsIT116Sb1+
116m2Sb390(40) keV60.3(6) minβ+116Sn8−
117Sb5166116.9048415(91)2.97(2) hβ+117Sn5/2+
117m1Sb3130.76(19) keV355(17) μsIT117Sb(25/2)+
117m2Sb3230.7(2) keV290(5) nsIT117Sb(23/2−)
118Sb5167117.9055322(32)3.6(1) minβ+118Sn1+
118m1Sb50.814(21) keV20.6(6) μsIT118Sb3+
118m2Sb250(6) keV5.01(3) hβ+118Sn8−
119Sb5168118.9039441(75)38.19(22) hEC119Sn5/2+
119m1Sb2553.6(3) keV130(3) nsIT119Sb19/2−
119m2Sb2841.7(4) keV835(81) msIT119Sb25/2+
120Sb5169119.9050803(77)15.89(4) minβ+120Sn1+
120m1Sb[n 9]0(100)# keV5.76(2) dβ+120Sn8−
120m2Sb78.16(5) keV246(2) nsIT120Sb(3+)
120m3Sb2328(100)# keV400(8) nsIT120Sb13+
121Sb[n 10]5170120.9038114(27)Stable5/2+0.5721(5)
121mSb2751(17) keV179(6) μsIT121Sb(25/2+)
122Sb5171121.9051693(27)2.7238(2) dβ− (97.59%)122Te2−
β+ (2.41%)122Sn
122m1Sb61.4131(5) keV1.86(8) μsIT122Sb3+
122m2Sb137.4726(8) keV0.53(3) msIT122Sb5+
122m3Sb163.5591(17) keV4.191(3) minIT122Sb8−
123Sb[n 10]5172122.9042153(15)Stable7/2+0.4279(5)
123m1Sb2237.8(3) keV214(3) nsIT123Sb19/2−
123m2Sb2613.4(4) keV65(1) μsIT123Sb23/2+
124Sb5173123.9059371(15)60.20(3) dβ−124Te3−
124m1Sb10.8627(8) keV93(5) sIT (75%)124Sb5+
β− (25%)124Te
124m2Sb36.8440(14) keV20.2(2) minIT124m1Sb(8)−
124m3Sb40.8038(7) keV3.2(3) μsIT124Sb(3+)
125Sb[n 10]5174124.9052543(27)2.7576(11) yβ−125Te7/2+
125m1Sb1971.25(20) keV4.1(2) μsIT125Sb15/2−
125m2Sb2112.1(3) keV28.5(5) μsIT125Sb19/2−
125m3Sb2471.0(4) keV277.0(64) nsIT125Sb(23/2)+
126Sb5175125.907253(34)12.35(6) dβ−126Te8−
126m1Sb17.7(3) keV19.15(8) minβ− (86%)126Te5+
IT (14%)126Sb
126m2Sb40.4(3) keV~11 sIT126m1Sb3−
126m3Sb104.6(3) keV553(5) nsIT126Sb3+
126m4Sb1810.7(17) keV90(16) nsIT126Sb(13+)
127Sb[n 10]5176126.9069256(55)3.85(5) dβ−127Te7/2+
127m1Sb1920.19(21) keV11.7(1) μsIT127Sb15/2−
127m2Sb2324.7(4) keV269(5) nsIT127Sb23/2+
128Sb5177127.909146(20)9.05(4) hβ−128Te8−
128m1Sb10(6) keV10.41(18) minβ− (96.4%)128Te5+
IT (3.6%)128Sb
128m2Sb1617.3(7) keV500(20) nsIT128Sb(11+)
128m3Sb1769.9(12) keV217(7) nsIT128Sb(13+)
129Sb5178128.909147(23)4.366(26) hβ−129Te7/2+
129m1Sb1851.31(6) keV17.7(1) minβ− (85%)129Te19/2−
IT (15%)129Sb
129m2Sb1861.06(5) keV2.23(17) μsIT129Sb15/2−
129m3Sb2139.4(3) keV0.89(3) μsIT129Sb23/2+
130Sb5179129.911663(15)39.5(8) minβ−130Te8−
130m1Sb4.80(20) keV6.3(2) minβ−130Te4+
130m2Sb84.67(4) keV800(100) nsIT130Sb6−
130m3Sb1508(1) keV600(15) nsIT130Sb(11+)
130m4Sb1544.7(5) keV1.25(1) μsIT130Sb(13+)
131Sb5180130.9119893(22)23.03(4) minβ−131Te7/2+
131m1Sb1676.06(6) keV64.2(26) μsIT131Sb15/2−
131m2Sb1687.2(9) keV4.3(8) μsIT131Sb19/2−
131m3Sb2165.6(15) keV0.97(3) μsIT131Sb23/2+
132Sb5181131.9145141(29)[6]2.79(7) minβ−132Te(4)+
132m1Sb139.3(20) keV[6]4.10(5) minβ−132Te(8−)
132m2Sb254.5(3) keV102(4) nsIT132Sb(6−)
133Sb5182132.9152721(34)2.34(5) minβ−133Te(7/2+)
133mSb4541(9) keV16.54(19) μsIT133Sb(21/2+)
134Sb5183133.9205373(33)674(4) msβ−134Te(0-)
β−, n?133Te
134mSb279(1) keV10.01(4) sβ− (99.91%)134Te(7−)
β−, n (0.088%)133Te
135Sb5184134.9251844(28)1.668(9) sβ− (80.9%)135Te(7/2+)
β−, n (19.1%)134Te
136Sb5185135.9307490(63)0.923(14) sβ− (75.2%)136Te(1−)
β−, n (24.7%)135Te
β−, 2n (0.14%)134Te
136mSb269.3(5) keV570(5) nsIT136Sb(6−)
137Sb5186136.935523(56)497(21) msβ− (51%)137Te7/2+#
β−, n (49%)136Te
β−, 2n?135Te
138Sb5187137.94133(32)#333(7) msβ−, n (72%)137Te(3−)
β− (28%)138Te
β−, 2n?136Te
139Sb5188138.94627(43)#182(9) msβ−, n (90%)138Te7/2+#
β− (10%)139Te
β−, 2n?137Te
140Sb5189139.95235(64)#170(6) msβ− (69%)140Te(3−)
β−, n (23%)139Te
β−, 2n (7.6%)138Te
140mSb330(30)# keV41(8) μsIT140Sb(6−,7−)
141Sb5190140.95755(54)#103(29) msβ−141Te7/2+#
β−, n?140Te
β−, 2n?139Te
142Sb5191141.96392(32)#80(50) msβ−142Te
β−, n?141Te
β−, 2n?140Te
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mSb – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture


    IT:Isomeric transition
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  5. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  6. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  9. ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  10. ^ a b c d Fission product

See also

Daughter products other than antimony

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Antimony". CIAAW. 1993.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  5. ^ Nies, L.; Atanasov, D.; Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, M.; Au, M.; Bernerd, C.; Blaum, K.; Chrysalidis, K.; Fischer, P.; Heinke, R.; Klink, C.; Lange, D.; Lunney, D.; Manea, V.; Marsh, B. A.; Müller, M.; Mougeot, M.; Naimi, S.; Schweiger, Ch.; Schweikhard, L.; Wienholtz, F. (9 January 2025). "Refining the nuclear mass surface with the mass of Sn 103". Physical Review C. 111 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.111.014315.
  6. ^ a b Jaries, A.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Ayoubi, L. Al; Beliuskina, O.; Canete, L.; de Groote, R. P.; Delafosse, C.; Delahaye, P.; Eronen, T.; Flayol, M.; Ge, Z.; Geldhof, S.; Gins, W.; Hukkanen, M.; Imgram, P.; Kahl, D.; Kostensalo, J.; Kujanpää, S.; Kumar, D.; Moore, I. D.; Mougeot, M.; Nesterenko, D. A.; Nikas, S.; Patel, D.; Penttilä, H.; Pitman-Weymouth, D.; Pohjalainen, I.; Raggio, A.; Ramalho, M.; Reponen, M.; Rinta-Antila, S.; de Roubin, A.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Srivastava, P. C.; Suhonen, J.; Vilen, M.; Virtanen, V.; Zadvornaya, A. "Physical Review C - Accepted Paper: Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL". journals.aps.org. arXiv:2403.04710.
  • Isotope masses from:
    • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
    • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
    • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
  • "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
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