Isotopes of fluorine

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Isotopes of fluorine (9F)
Main isotopes[1]Decay
Isotopeabun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
17Fsynth64.37 sβ+17O
18Ftrace109.734 minβ+18O
19F100%stable
Standard atomic weight Ar°(F)

Fluorine (9F) has 19 known isotopes ranging from 13
F to 31
F and two isomers (18m
F and 26m
F). Only fluorine-19 is stable and naturally occurring in more than trace quantities; therefore, fluorine is a monoisotopic and a mononuclidic element.

The longest-lived radioisotope is 18
F with a half-life of 109.734 minutes, followed by 17
F with 64.37 seconds. These unstable isotopes participate in the CNO cycle within stars. All other fluorine isotopes have half-lives of less than 12 seconds, and most of those less than 1/2 second.

List of isotopes

[edit]
Nuclide
[n 1]		ZNIsotopic mass (Da)[4]
[n 2][n 3]		Half-life[1]
[n 4]		Decay
mode[1]
[n 5]		Daughter
isotope
[n 6]		Spin and
parity[1]
[n 7][n 4]		Isotopic
abundance
Excitation energy
13
F[5]		9413.045120(540)#p ?12
O		1/2+#
14
F		9514.034320(40)500(60) ys
[910(100) keV]		p ?13
O		2−
15
F		9615.017785(15)1.1(3) zs
[376 keV]		p14
O		1/2+
16
F		9716.011460(6)21(5) zs
[21.3(5.1) keV]		p15
O		0−
17
F[n 8]		9817.00209524(27)64.370(27) sβ+17
O		5/2+
18
F[n 9]		9918.0009373(5)109.734(8) minβ+18
O		1+Trace
18m
F		1121.36(15) keV162(7) nsIT18
F		5+
19
F		91018.998403162067(883)Stable1/2+1
20
F		91119.99998125(3)11.0062(80) sβ−20
Ne		2+
21
F		91220.9999489(19)4.158(20) sβ−21
Ne		5/2+
22
F		91322.002999(13)4.23(4) sβ− (> 89%)22
Ne		(4+)
β−n (< 11%)21
Ne
23
F		91423.003530(40)2.23(14) sβ− (> 86%)23
Ne		5/2+
β−n (< 14%)22
Ne
24
F		91524.008100(100)384(16) msβ− (> 94.1%)24
Ne		3+
β−n (< 5.9%)23
Ne
25
F		91625.012170(100)80(9) msβ− (76.9(4.5)%)25
Ne		(5/2+)
β−n (23.1(4.5)%)24
Ne
β−2n ?23
Ne ?
26
F		91726.020050(110)8.2(9) msβ− (86.5(4.0)%)26
Ne		1+
β−n (13.5(4.0)%)25
Ne
β−2n ?24
Ne ?
26m
F		643.4(1) keV2.2(1) msIT (82(11)%)26
F		(4+)
β−n (12(8)%)25
Ne
β− ?26
Ne ?
27
F		91827.026980(130)5.0(2) msβ−n (77(21)%)26
Ne		5/2+#
β− (23(21)%)27
Ne
β−2n ?25
Ne ?
28
F		91928.035860(130)46 zsn27
F		(4−)
29
F		92029.043100(560)2.5(3) msβ−n (60(40)%)28
Ne		(5/2+)
β− (40(40)%)29
Ne
β−2n ?27
Ne ?
30
F[6]		92130.05256(54)#0.96+0.56
−0.41 zs		n29
F
31
F		92231.06020(570)#2 ms# [> 260 ns]β− ?31
Ne ?		5/2+#
β−n ?30
Ne ?
β−2n ?29
Ne ?
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mF – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ^ Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture


    IT:Isomeric transition
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  6. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ^ Intermediate product of various CNO cycles in stellar nucleosynthesis as part of the process producing helium from hydrogen
  9. ^ Has medicinal uses

Fluorine-18

[edit]
Main article: Fluorine-18

Of the unstable nuclides of fluorine, 18
F has the longest half-life, 109.734(8) min. It decays to 18
O via β+ decay. For this reason 18
F is a commercially important source of positrons. Its major value is in the production of the radiopharmaceutical fludeoxyglucose, used in positron emission tomography in medicine.

Fluorine-18 is the second lightest unstable nuclide (after beryllium-8, with 4 protons and 4 neutrons) with equal numbers of protons and neutrons and lightest such with an odd atomic number, having 9 of each. (See also the parity discussion of nuclide stability.)[7]

Fluorine-19

[edit]

Fluorine-19 is the only stable isotope of fluorine. Its abundance is 100%; no other isotopes of fluorine exist in significant quantities. Its binding energy is 147801.3648(38) keV. Fluorine-19 is NMR-active with a spin of 1/2+, so it is used in fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy.

Isomers

[edit]

Only two nuclear isomers (long-lived excited nuclear states), fluorine-18m and fluorine-26m, have been characterized. The half-life of 18m
F before it undergoes isomeric transition is 162(7) nanoseconds. This is less than the decay half-life of any of the particle-bound fluorine radioisotope nuclear ground states. The half-life of 26m
F is 2.2(1) milliseconds; it decays mainly to its ground state of 26
F or (rarely, via beta-minus decay) to one of high excited states of 26
Ne with delayed neutron emission.

See also

[edit]

Daughter products other than fluorine

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2021.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  5. ^ Charity, R. J. (2 April 2021). "Observation of the Exotic Isotope 13 F Located Four Neutrons beyond the Proton Drip Line". Physical Review Letters. 126 (13) 132501: 2501. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.126m2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.132501. OSTI 1773500. PMID 33861136. S2CID 233259561. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  6. ^ Kahlbow, J.; et al. (SAMURAI21-NeuLAND Collaboration) (2024-08-23). "Magicity versus Superfluidity around 28O viewed from the Study of 30F". Physical Review Letters. 133 (8) 082501. arXiv:2407.19303. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.082501. ISSN 0031-9007.
  7. ^ National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 3.0 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Sources

[edit]
  • Chisté, V.; Bé, M. M. (2011). "F-18" (PDF). In Bé, M. M.; Coursol, N.; Duchemin, B.; Lagoutine, F.; et al. (eds.). Table de radionucléides (Report). CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), LIST, LNE-LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_fluorine&oldid=1329361794#Fluorine-13"

    Isotopes of fluorine (9F)
    Main isotopes[1]Decay
    Isotopeabun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
    17Fsynth64.37 sβ+17O
    18Ftrace109.734 minβ+18O
    19F100%stable
    Standard atomic weight Ar°(F)
    • 18.998403162±0.000000005[2]
    • 18.998±0.001 (abridged)[3]

    Fluorine (9F) has 19 known isotopes ranging from 13
    F     to 31
    F     and two isomers (18m
    F     and 26m
    F    ). Only fluorine-19 is stable and naturally occurring in more than trace quantities; therefore, fluorine is a monoisotopic and a mononuclidic element.

    The longest-lived radioisotope is 18
    F     with a half-life of 109.734 minutes, followed by 17
    F     with 64.37 seconds. These unstable isotopes participate in the CNO cycle within stars. All other fluorine isotopes have half-lives of less than 12 seconds, and most of those less than 1/2 second.

    List of isotopes

    Nuclide
    [n 1]    		ZNIsotopic mass (Da)[4]
    [n 2][n 3]    		Half-life[1]
    [n 4]    		Decay
    mode    [1]
    [n 5]    		Daughter
    isotope
    [n 6]    		Spin and
    parity[1]
    [n 7][n 4]    		Isotopic
    abundance
    Excitation energy
    13
    F    [5]    		9413.045120(540)#p ?12
    O    		1/2+#
    14
    F    		9514.034320(40)500(60) ys
    [910(100) keV]    		p ?13
    O    		2−
    15
    F    		9615.017785(15)1.1(3) zs
    [376 keV]    		p14
    O    		1/2+
    16
    F    		9716.011460(6)21(5) zs
    [21.3(5.1) keV]    		p15
    O    		0−
    17
    F    [n 8]    		9817.00209524(27)64.370(27) sβ+17
    O    		5/2+
    18
    F    [n 9]    		9918.0009373(5)109.734(8) minβ+18
    O    		1+Trace
    18m
    F    		1121.36(15) keV162(7) nsIT18
    F    		5+
    19
    F    		91018.998403162067(883)Stable1/2+1
    20
    F    		91119.99998125(3)11.0062(80) sβ−20
    Ne    		2+
    21
    F    		91220.9999489(19)4.158(20) sβ−21
    Ne    		5/2+
    22
    F    		91322.002999(13)4.23(4) sβ− (> 89%)22
    Ne    		(4+)
    β−n (< 11%)21
    Ne
    23
    F    		91423.003530(40)2.23(14) sβ− (> 86%)23
    Ne    		5/2+
    β−n (< 14%)22
    Ne
    24
    F    		91524.008100(100)384(16) msβ− (> 94.1%)24
    Ne    		3+
    β−n (< 5.9%)23
    Ne
    25
    F    		91625.012170(100)80(9) msβ− (76.9(4.5)%)25
    Ne    		(5/2+)
    β−n (23.1(4.5)%)24
    Ne
    β−2n ?23
    Ne     ?
    26
    F    		91726.020050(110)8.2(9) msβ− (86.5(4.0)%)26
    Ne    		1+
    β−n (13.5(4.0)%)25
    Ne
    β−2n ?24
    Ne     ?
    26m
    F    		643.4(1) keV2.2(1) msIT (82(11)%)26
    F    		(4+)
    β−n (12(8)%)25
    Ne
    β− ?26
    Ne     ?
    27
    F    		91827.026980(130)5.0(2) msβ−n (77(21)%)26
    Ne    		5/2+#
    β− (23(21)%)27
    Ne
    β−2n ?25
    Ne     ?
    28
    F    		91928.035860(130)46 zsn27
    F    		(4−)
    29
    F    		92029.043100(560)2.5(3) msβ−n (60(40)%)28
    Ne    		(5/2+)
    β− (40(40)%)29
    Ne
    β−2n ?27
    Ne     ?
    30
    F    [6]    		92130.05256(54)#0.96+0.56
    −0.41     zs    		n29
    F
    31
    F    		92231.06020(570)#2 ms# [> 260 ns]β− ?31
    Ne     ?    		5/2+#
    β−n ?30
    Ne     ?
    β−2n ?29
    Ne     ?
    This table header & footer:
    1. ^ mF – Excited nuclear isomer.
    2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
    3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
    4. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
    5. ^ Modes of decay:
      EC:Electron capture


      IT:Isomeric transition
      n:Neutron emission
      p:Proton emission
    6. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
    7. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
    8. ^ Intermediate product of various CNO cycles in stellar nucleosynthesis as part of the process producing helium from hydrogen
    9. ^ Has medicinal uses

    Fluorine-18

    Of the unstable nuclides of fluorine, 18
    F     has the longest half-life, 109.734(8) min. It decays to 18
    O     via β+ decay. For this reason 18
    F     is a commercially important source of positrons. Its major value is in the production of the radiopharmaceutical fludeoxyglucose, used in positron emission tomography in medicine.

    Fluorine-18 is the second lightest unstable nuclide (after beryllium-8, with 4 protons and 4 neutrons) with equal numbers of protons and neutrons and lightest such with an odd atomic number, having 9 of each. (See also the parity discussion of nuclide stability.)[7]

    Fluorine-19

    Fluorine-19 is the only stable isotope of fluorine. Its abundance is 100%; no other isotopes of fluorine exist in significant quantities. Its binding energy is 147801.3648(38) keV. Fluorine-19 is NMR-active with a spin of 1/2+, so it is used in fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy.

    Isomers

    Only two nuclear isomers (long-lived excited nuclear states), fluorine-18m and fluorine-26m, have been characterized. The half-life of 18m
    F     before it undergoes isomeric transition is 162(7) nanoseconds. This is less than the decay half-life of any of the particle-bound fluorine radioisotope nuclear ground states. The half-life of 26m
    F     is 2.2(1) milliseconds; it decays mainly to its ground state of 26
    F     or (rarely, via beta-minus decay) to one of high excited states of 26
    Ne     with delayed neutron emission.

    See also

    Daughter products other than fluorine

    References

    1. ^ a b c d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
    2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2021.
    3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
    4. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
    5. ^ Charity, R. J. (2 April 2021). "Observation of the Exotic Isotope 13 F Located Four Neutrons beyond the Proton Drip Line". Physical Review Letters. 126 (13) 132501: 2501. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.126m2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.132501. OSTI 1773500. PMID 33861136. S2CID 233259561. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
    6. ^ Kahlbow, J.; et al. (SAMURAI21-NeuLAND Collaboration) (2024-08-23). "Magicity versus Superfluidity around 28O viewed from the Study of 30F". Physical Review Letters. 133 (8) 082501. arXiv:2407.19303. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.082501. ISSN 0031-9007.
    7. ^ National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 3.0 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

    Sources

    • Chisté, V.; Bé, M. M. (2011). "F-18" (PDF). In Bé, M. M.; Coursol, N.; Duchemin, B.; Lagoutine, F.; et al. (eds.). Table de radionucléides (Report). CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), LIST, LNE-LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_fluorine&oldid=1329361794#Fluorine-13"