Day of the year
December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 10 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1620 – Plymouth Colony : William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land near what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts .1826 – American settlers in Nacogdoches , Mexican Texas , declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion .1832 – Egyptian–Ottoman War : Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya .1844 – The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale , England, starting the Cooperative movement .1861 – Medal of Honor : Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln .1872 – Challenger expedition : HMS Challenger , commanded by Captain George Nares , sails from Portsmouth, England .1883 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment , the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army , are formed.
1907 – The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique , Chile.[6] 1910 – An underground explosion at the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in Over Hulton , Westhoughton , England, kills 344 miners.1919 – American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.1923 – United Kingdom and Nepal formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923 , which superseded the Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.1934 – Lieutenant Kijé Sergei Prokofiev 's best-known works, premiered.[7] 1941 – World War II : A Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance is signed.1946 – An 8.1 Mw earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Nankaidō , Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.1963 – "Bloody Christmas" begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000–30,000 Turkish Cypriots and destruction of more than 100 villages.1965 – International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.1967 – Louis Washkansky , the first man to undergo a human-to-human heart transplant , dies in Cape Town , South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.1968 – Apollo program : Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center , placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.1973 – The Geneva Conference on the Arab–Israeli conflict opens.1979 – Lancaster House Agreement : An independence agreement for Rhodesia is signed in London by Lord Carrington , Sir Ian Gilmour , Robert Mugabe , Joshua Nkomo , Bishop Abel Muzorewa and S.C. Mundawarara.1988 – A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie , Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland, killing 270.[8] This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union : The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States in place of the collapsing Soviet Union .[9] 1992 – A Dutch DC-10 , flight Martinair MP 495 , crashes at Faro Airport , Portugal, killing 56.1995 – The city of Bethlehem passes from Israeli to Palestinian control.1999 – The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives that ETA intended to use to blow up Torre Picasso in Madrid , Spain.1999 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 overshoots the runway at La Aurora International Airport , killing 18.[10] 2004 – Iraq War : A suicide bomber kills 22 at the forward operating base next to the main U.S. military airfield at Mosul , Iraq, the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers in Iraq.2012 – 2012 phenomenon : Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b'ak'tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar whose passing many New Age spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.[11] 2020 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.[12] 2023 – Fourteen people are killed and 25 others injured during a mass shooting at Charles University in Prague , Czech Republic.[13]
Births
Pre-1600 968 – Minamoto no Yorinobu , Japanese samurai (died 1048)1401 – Masaccio , Italian painter (died 1428)[14] 1468 – William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers , English baron (died 1524)1505 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton , English politician (died 1550)[15] 1538 – Luigi d'Este , Catholic cardinal (died 1586)1542 – Thomas Allen , English mathematician and astrologer (died 1632)1550 – Man Singh I , Mughal noble (died 1614)[16] 1596 – Peter Mohyla , Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan and saint (died 1646)
1603 – Roger Williams , English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th President of the Colony of Rhode Island (died 1684)1615 – Benedict Arnold , Rhode Island colonial governor (died 1678)[17] 1672 – Benjamin Schmolck , German pastor and composer (died 1737)1714 – John Bradstreet , Canadian-English general (died 1774)1728 – Hermann Raupach , German harpsichord player and composer (died 1778)1778 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted , Danish jurist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (died 1860)1795 – Jack Russell , English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (died 1883)1795 – Leopold von Ranke , German historian, author, and academic (died 1886)[18] 1803 – Achille Vianelli , Italian painter and academic (died 1894)1804 – Benjamin Disraeli , English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1881)[19] 1805 – Thomas Graham , Scottish chemist and academic (died 1869)1811 – Archibald Tait , Scottish-English archbishop (died 1882)1815 – Thomas Couture , French painter and educator (died 1879)1820 – William H. Osborn , American businessman (died 1894)1830 – Bartolomé Masó , Cuban soldier and politician (died 1907)1832 – John H. Ketcham , American general and politician (died 1906)1840 – Ernest de Munck , Belgian cellist and composer[20] (died 1915)[21] 1840 – Namık Kemal , Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (died 1888) 1843 – Thomas Bracken , Irish-New Zealander journalist, poet, and politician (died 1898)1850 – Zdeněk Fibich , Czech composer and poet (died 1900)1851 – Thomas Chipman McRae , American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Arkansas (died 1929)1857 – Joseph Carruthers , Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (died 1932)1859 – Gustave Kahn , French poet and critic (died 1936)1866 – Maud Gonne , Irish nationalist and political activist (died 1953)[22] 1868 – George W. Fuller , American chemist and engineer (died 1934)1872 – Trevor Kincaid , Canadian-American zoologist and academic (died 1970)1872 – Lorenzo Perosi , Italian priest and composer (died 1956) 1872 – Albert Payson Terhune , American journalist and author (died 1942) 1876 – Jack Lang , Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (died 1975)1877 – Jaan Sarv , Estonian mathematician and scholar (died 1954)1878 – Jan Łukasiewicz , Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (died 1956)1884 – María Cadilla , Puerto Rican writer, educator, women's rights activist (died 1951)[23] 1885 – Frank Patrick , Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1960)1888 – Jean Bouin , French runner and rugby player (died 1914)1889 – Sewall Wright , American geneticist and biologist (died 1988)1890 – Hermann Joseph Muller , American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967)1891 – John William McCormack , American lawyer and politician, 53rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (died 1980)1892 – Walter Hagen , American golfer (died 1969)1892 – Rebecca West , English journalist and author (died 1983) 1896 – Konstantin Rokossovsky , Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (died 1968)1900 – Luis Arturo González López , Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (died 1965)
1905 – Käte Fenchel , German mathematician (died 1983)[24] 1905 – Anthony Powell , English author (died 2000)[25] 1909 – Seichō Matsumoto , Japanese journalist and author (died 1992)1911 – Josh Gibson , American baseball player (died 1947)[26] 1913 – Arnold Friberg , American illustrator and painter (died 2010)1914 – Frank Fenner , Australian microbiologist and virologist (died 2010)1917 – Heinrich Böll , German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1985)1918 – Donald Regan , American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (died 2003)1918 – Kurt Waldheim , Austrian colonel and politician; 9th President of Austria (died 2007)[27] 1919 – Doug Young , American voice actor (died 2018)1920 – Alicia Alonso , Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the Cuban National Ballet (died 2019)1920 – Adele Goldstine , American computer programmer (died 1964)[28] 1920 – Iris Cummings , American swimmer and aviator (died 2025)[29] 1922 – Itubwa Amram , Nauruan pastor and politician (died 1989)1922 – Cécile DeWitt-Morette , French mathematician and physicist (died 2017)[30] 1922 – Paul Winchell , American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (died 2005) 1923 – Wat Misaka , American basketball player (died 2019)[31] 1926 – Arnošt Lustig , Czech author and playwright (died 2011)1926 – Joe Paterno , American football player and coach (died 2012)[26] 1930 – Phil Roman , American animator[32] 1932 – U. R. Ananthamurthy , Indian author, poet, and critic (died 2014)1932 – Edward Hoagland , American author and critic 1933 – Jackie Hendriks , Jamaican cricketer1933 – Robert Worcester , American businessman and academic, founded MORI (died 2025)[33] 1934 – Giuseppina Leone , Italian sprinter1934 – Hanif Mohammad , Pakistani cricketer (died 2016) 1935 – John G. Avildsen , American director, producer, and cinematographer (died 2017)1935 – Lorenzo Bandini , Italian racing driver (died 1967) 1935 – Phil Donahue , American talk show host and producer[34] (died 2024)[35] 1935 – Stela Popescu , Romanian actress (died 2017) 1935 – Edward Schreyer , Canadian academic and politician, Governor General of Canada [36] 1935 – Janet Metcalf , American politician (died 2025)[37] 1937 – Jane Fonda , American actress and activist[38] 1938 – Larry Bryggman , American actor[34] 1939 – Lloyd Axworthy , Canadian academic and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1939 – Wafic Saïd , Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist 1940 – Frank Zappa , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer and producer (died 1993)[26] 1942 – Hu Jintao , Chinese engineer and politician, 5th Paramount leader of China[26] 1942 – Carla Thomas , American singer[34] 1943 – Albert Lee , English guitarist and songwriter[34] 1943 – Walter Spanghero , French rugby player 1944 – Michael Tilson Thomas , American pianist, composer, and conductor1944 – Zheng Xiaoyu , Chinese diplomat (died 2007) 1945 – Doug Walters , Australian cricketer1946 – Roy Karch , American director, producer, and screenwriter1946 – Carl Wilson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1998)[26] 1947 – Paco de Lucía , Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (died 2014)1948 – Barry Gordon , American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988–95)1948 – Samuel L. Jackson , American actor and producer[34] 1948 – Dave Kingman , American baseball player 1949 – Thomas Sankara , Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th President of Burkina Faso (died 1987)1949 – Nikolaos Sifounakis , Greek lawyer and politician 1950 – Jeffrey Katzenberg , American screenwriter and producer, co-founded DreamWorks Animation [26] 1950 – Max Maven , American magician and mentalist (died 2022) 1950 – Lillebjørn Nilsen , Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2024) 1951 – Steve Perryman , English footballer and manager1952 – Joaquín Andújar , Dominican baseball player (died 2015)1952 – Dennis Boutsikaris , American actor[34] 1952 – Steve Furniss , American swimmer 1953 – András Schiff , Hungarian-English pianist and conductor1953 – Betty Wright , American singer-songwriter (died 2020)[39] 1954 – Chris Evert , American tennis player and coach[40] 1955 – Jane Kaczmarek , American actress[34] 1955 – Kazuyuki Sekiguchi , Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player 1956 – Dave Laut , American shot putter (died 2009)1957 – Ray Romano , American actor, producer, and screenwriter[34] 1957 – Tony Lewis , English singer and songwriter (died 2020)[41] 1958 – Tamara Bykova , Russian high jumper1959 – Florence Griffith Joyner , American sprinter and actress (died 1998)[26] 1959 – Krishnamachari Srikkanth , Indian cricketer 1960 – Sherry Rehman , Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th Pakistan Ambassador to the United States 1961 – Ryuji Sasai , Japanese bass player and composer1963 – Govinda , Indian actor, singer, and politician1964 – Kunihiko Ikuhara , Japanese director and illustrator1964 – Joe Kocur , Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1965 – Glenn Coleman , Australian rugby league player1965 – Andy Dick , American actor and comedian[42] 1965 – Anke Engelke , Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter 1966 – Michelle Hurd , American actress[34] 1966 – William Ruto , 5th President of Kenya [26] 1966 – Kiefer Sutherland , British-Canadian actor, director, and producer[43] 1967 – Terry Mills , American basketball player and coach1967 – Mikheil Saakashvili , Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Georgia [44] 1969 – Julie Delpy , French model, actress, director, and screenwriter[34] 1969 – Mihails Zemļinskis , Latvian footballer, coach, and manager 1971 – Matthieu Chedid , French singer-songwriter and guitarist1971 – Natalie Grant , American singer-songwriter and author[34] 1972 – Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy , Indian politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh1973 – Irakli Alasania , Georgian colonel and politician, Georgian Minister of Defense 1973 – Matías Almeyda , Argentine footballer and manager 1974 – Karrie Webb , Australian golfer1975 – Paloma Herrera , Argentine ballerina1977 – Buddy Carlyle , American baseball player[45] 1977 – Corey Collymore , Barbadian cricketer[46] 1977 – Leon MacDonald , New Zealand rugby player 1977 – Emmanuel Macron , French politician, 25th President of France [47] 1977 – Freddy Sanchez , American baseball player[48] 1978 – Emiliano Brembilla , Italian swimmer1978 – Charles Dera , American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter 1978 – Shaun Morgan , South African musician, singer, and guitarist 1978 – Rutina Wesley , American actress[34] 1979 – Steve Montador , Canadian ice hockey player (died 2015)1981 – Marta Fernández , Spanish basketball player[49] 1981 – Cristian Zaccardo , Italian footballer 1982 – Primo Colón , Puerto Rican wrestler[50] 1982 – Philip Humber , American baseball player 1982 – Tom Payne , English actor[26] 1983 – Taylor Teagarden , American baseball player[51] 1983 – Steven Yeun , American actor[34] 1985 – Tom Sturridge , English actor1987 – Khris Davis , American baseball player[52] 1988 – Danny Duffy , American baseball player[53] 1988 – Perri Shakes-Drayton , English sprinter and hurdler 1989 – Mark Ingram II , American football player[54] 1989 – Tamannaah , Indian actress 1991 – Nic Maddinson , Australian cricketer[55] 1991 – Otis , American wrestler[56] 1991 – Riccardo Saponara , Italian footballer 1992 – Ha Ha Clinton-Dix , American football player[57] 1992 – Jamie Oleksiak , Canadian ice hockey player[58] 1994 – Luke Brooks , Australian rugby league player[59] 1996 – Ben Chilwell , English footballer[60] 1996 – Kaitlyn Dever , American actress[34] 1997 – Madelyn Cline , American actress and model[26] 1997 – Charlie McAvoy , American ice hockey player[61] 2002 – Clara Tauson , Danish tennis player[62] 2006 – Cooper Flagg , American basketball player[63]
Deaths
Pre-1600 AD 72 – Thomas the Apostle , Roman martyr and saint (born 1 AD)882 – Hincmar , French archbishop and historian (born 806)956 – Sun Sheng , Chinese chancellor975 – Al-Mu'izz , Fatimid caliph (born 932)1001 – Hugh of Tuscany , Italian margrave (born 950)1215 – Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid , Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Tayyibi Isma'ilism (born c. 1128)[64] 1308 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1244)1338 – Thomas Hemenhale , bishop of Worcester1362 – Constantine III , king of Armenia (born 1313)1375 – Giovanni Boccaccio , Italian author and poet (born 1313)1504 – Berthold von Henneberg , German archbishop (born 1442)1536 – John Seymour , English courtier (born 1474)1549 – Marguerite de Navarre , queen of Henry II of Navarre (born 1492)1581 – Jean de la Cassière , 51st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (born 1502)1597 – Peter Canisius , Dutch priest and saint (born 1521)
1920 – Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , leader of the Dervish movement (born 1856)1929 – I. L. Patterson , American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (born 1859)1933 – Knud Rasmussen , Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (born 1879)1935 – Ted Birnie , English footballer and manager (born 1878)1935 – Kurt Tucholsky , German-Swedish journalist and author (born 1890) 1937 – Violette Neatley Anderson , American judge (born 1882)[66] 1937 – Ted Healy , American comedian and actor (born 1896) 1937 – Frank B. Kellogg , American lawyer and politician, 45th United States Secretary of State , Nobel Prize laureate (born 1856) 1940 – F. Scott Fitzgerald , American novelist and short story writer (born 1896)1945 – George S. Patton , American general (born 1885)1948 – Władysław Witwicki , Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (born 1878)[67] 1952 – Kenneth Edwards , American golfer (born 1886)1953 – Kaarlo Koskelo , Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (born 1888)1957 – Eric Coates , English viola player and composer (born 1886)1958 – H.B. Warner , English actor (born 1875)1958 – Lion Feuchtwanger , German-American author and playwright (born 1884) 1959 – Rosanjin , Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (born 1883)1963 – Jack Hobbs , English cricketer and journalist (born 1882)1964 – Carl Van Vechten , American author and photographer (born 1880)[68] 1965 – Claude Champagne , Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (born 1891)1968 – Vittorio Pozzo , Italian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1886)1971 – Ásta Sigurðardóttir , Icelandic writer and visual artist (born 1930)[69] 1974 – Richard Long , American actor and director (born 1927)1982 – Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri , Pakistani poet and composer (born 1900)1983 – Paul de Man , Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (born 1919)1988 – Nikolaas Tinbergen , Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907)1992 – Stella Adler , American actress and educator (born 1901)[70] 1992 – Albert King , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1924) 1992 – Nathan Milstein , Russian-American violinist and composer (born 1903) 1998 – Ernst-Günther Schenck , German colonel and physician (born 1904)2004 – Autar Singh Paintal , Indian physiologist and neurologist (born 1925)2006 – Saparmurat Niyazov , Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (born 1940)2009 – Edwin G. Krebs , American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)2009 – Christos Lambrakis , Greek journalist and businessman (born 1934) 2010 – Enzo Bearzot , Italian footballer and manager (born 1927)2013 – Edgar Bronfman Sr. , Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (born 1929)2013 – John Eisenhower , American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (born 1922) 2014 – Udo Jürgens , Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1934)2014 – Sitor Situmorang , Indonesian poet and author (born 1923) 2014 – Billie Whitelaw , English actress (born 1932)[71] 2017 – Bruce McCandless II , US astronaut who conducted the first untethered spacewalk (born 1937)2019 – Andrew Clennel Palmer , British engineer (born 1938)[72] 2024 – Michelle Botes , South African actress (born 1962)[73] 2024 – Art Evans , American actor (born 1942)[74]
Holidays and observances
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External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to December 21.
BBC: On This Day The New York Times: On This Day Historical Events on December 21
