Isotopes of cerium

Isotopes of cerium (₅₈Ce)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ce)
	140.116±0.001; 140.12±0.01 (abridged);
	view; talk; edit;

Isotopes of cerium (₅₈Ce)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ce)
	140.116±0.001; 140.12±0.01 (abridged);
	view; talk; edit;

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Ce-144)

Naturally occurring cerium (₅₈Ce) is composed of 4 stable isotopes: ¹³⁶Ce, ¹³⁸Ce, ¹⁴⁰Ce, and ¹⁴²Ce, with ¹⁴⁰Ce being the most abundant (88.45% natural abundance) and the only one that is theoretically stable. The others, ¹³⁶Ce, ¹³⁸Ce, and ¹⁴²Ce are predicted to undergo double beta decay, which has never been observed. There are 35 radioisotopes that have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁴⁴Ce, with a half-life of 284.89 days; ¹³⁹Ce, with a half-life of 137.64 days and ¹⁴¹Ce, with a half-life of 32.505 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 4 days and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 10 minutes.

The known isotopes of cerium range from ¹²¹Ce to ¹⁵⁷Ce, in addition to 14 meta states.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹²⁰Ce	58	62
¹²¹Ce	58	63	120.94344(43)#	1.1(1) s	β⁺ (99%)	¹²¹La	5/2(+#)
¹²¹Ce	58	63	120.94344(43)#	1.1(1) s	β⁺, p (1%)	¹²⁰Ba	5/2(+#)
¹²²Ce	58	64	121.93787(43)#	2# s	β⁺	¹²²La	0+
¹²³Ce	58	65	122.93528(32)#	3.8(2) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹²³La	(5/2)(+#)
¹²³Ce	58	65	122.93528(32)#	3.8(2) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²²Ba	(5/2)(+#)
¹²⁴Ce	58	66	123.93031(32)#	9.1(12) s	β⁺	¹²⁴La	0+
¹²⁵Ce	58	67	124.92844(21)#	9.7(3) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹²⁵La	(7/2−)
¹²⁵Ce	58	67	124.92844(21)#	9.7(3) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁴Ba	(7/2−)
^125mCe	93.6(4) keV			13(10) s	IT	¹²⁵Ce	(1/2+)
¹²⁶Ce	58	68	125.923971(30)	51.0(3) s	β⁺	¹²⁶La	0+
¹²⁷Ce	58	69	126.922727(31)	34(2) s	β⁺	¹²⁷La	(1/2+)
^127m1Ce	7.3(11) keV			28.6(7) s	β⁺	¹²⁷La	(5/2+)
^127m2Ce	36.9(11) keV			>10 μs	IT	¹²⁷Ce	(7/2−)
¹²⁸Ce	58	70	127.918911(30)	3.93(2) min	β⁺	¹²⁸La	0+
¹²⁹Ce	58	71	128.918102(30)	3.5(3) min	β⁺	¹²⁹La	(5/2+)
¹³⁰Ce	58	72	129.914736(30)	22.9(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁰La	0+
^130mCe	2453.6(3) keV			100(8) ns	IT	¹³⁰Ce	7−
¹³¹Ce	58	73	130.914429(35)	10.3(3) min	β⁺	¹³¹La	7/2+
^131mCe	63.09(9) keV			5.4(4) min	β⁺	¹³¹La	(1/2+)
¹³²Ce	58	74	131.911466(22)	3.51(11) h	β⁺	¹³²La	0+
^132mCe	2341.15(21) keV			9.4(3) ms	IT	¹³²Ce	8−
¹³³Ce	58	75	132.911520(18)	97(4) min	β⁺	¹³³La	1/2+
^133mCe	37.2(7) keV			5.1(3) h	β⁺	¹³³La	9/2−
¹³⁴Ce	58	76	133.908928(22)	3.16(4) d	EC	¹³⁴La	0+
^134mCe	3208.6(4) keV			308(5) ns	IT	¹³⁴Ce	10+
¹³⁵Ce	58	77	134.909161(11)	17.7(3) h	β⁺	¹³⁵La	1/2+
^135mCe	445.81(21) keV			20(1) s	IT	¹³⁵Ce	(11/2−)
¹³⁶Ce	58	78	135.90712926(35)	Observationally stable^{[n 8]}			0+	0.00186(2)
^136mCe	3095.0(6) keV			1.96(9) μs	IT	¹³⁶Ce	10+
¹³⁷Ce	58	79	136.90776242(39)	9.0(3) h	β⁺	¹³⁷La	3/2+
^137mCe	254.29(5) keV			34.4(3) h	IT (99.21%)	¹³⁷Ce	11/2−
^137mCe	254.29(5) keV			34.4(3) h	β⁺ (0.79%)	¹³⁷La	11/2−
¹³⁸Ce	58	80	137.90599418(54)	Observationally stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.00251(2)
^138mCe	2129.28(12) keV			8.73(20) ms	IT	¹³⁸Ce	7-
¹³⁹Ce	58	81	138.9066470(22)	137.642(20) d	EC	¹³⁹La	3/2+
^139mCe	754.24(8) keV			57.58(32) s	IT	¹³⁹Ce	11/2−
¹⁴⁰Ce^{[n 10]}	58	82	139.9054484(14)	Stable			0+	0.88449(51)
^140mCe	2107.854(24) keV			7.3(15) μs	IT	¹⁴⁰Ce	6+
¹⁴¹Ce^{[n 10]}	58	83	140.9082860(14)	32.505(10) d	β⁻	¹⁴¹Pr	7/2−
¹⁴²Ce^{[n 10]}	58	84	141.9092502(26)	Observationally stable^{[n 11]}^[5]			0+	0.11114(51)
¹⁴³Ce^{[n 10]}	58	85	142.9123920(26)	33.039(6) h	β⁻	¹⁴³Pr	3/2−
¹⁴⁴Ce^{[n 10]}	58	86	143.9136528(30)	284.886(25) d	β⁻	¹⁴⁴Pr	0+
¹⁴⁵Ce	58	87	144.917265(36)	3.01(6) min	β⁻	¹⁴⁵Pr	5/2−#
¹⁴⁶Ce	58	88	145.918812(16)	13.49(16) min	β⁻	¹⁴⁶Pr	0+
¹⁴⁷Ce	58	89	146.9226899(92)	56.4(10) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁷Pr	(5/2−)
¹⁴⁸Ce	58	90	147.924424(12)	56.8(3) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁸Pr	0+
¹⁴⁹Ce	58	91	148.928427(11)	4.94(4) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁹Pr	3/2−#
¹⁵⁰Ce	58	92	149.930384(13)	6.05(7) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁰Pr	0+
¹⁵¹Ce	58	93	150.934272(19)	1.76(6) s	β⁻	¹⁵¹Pr	(3/2−)
¹⁵²Ce	58	94	151.93668(22)#	1.42(2) s	β⁻	¹⁵²Pr	0+
¹⁵³Ce	58	95	152.94105(22)#	865(25) ms	β⁻	¹⁵³Pr	3/2−#
¹⁵⁴Ce	58	96	153.94394(22)#	722(14) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁴Pr	0+
¹⁵⁵Ce	58	97	154.94871(32)#	313(7) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁵Pr	5/2−#
¹⁵⁶Ce	58	98	155.95188(32)#	233(9) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁶Pr	0+
¹⁵⁷Ce	58	99	156.95713(43)#	175(41) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁷Pr	7/2+#
¹⁵⁸Ce	58	100	157.96077(43)#	99(93) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁸Pr	0+
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mCe – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ ^a ^b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁶Ba with a half-life over 3.2×10¹⁶ years
^ Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 4.4×10¹⁶ years
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Fission product
^ Theorized to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁴²Nd or α decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 2.9×10¹⁸ years

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (140): 4–6. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. S2CID 254103706.

Naturally occurring cerium (₅₈Ce) is composed of 4 stable isotopes: ¹³⁶Ce, ¹³⁸Ce, ¹⁴⁰Ce, and ¹⁴²Ce, with ¹⁴⁰Ce being the most abundant (88.45% natural abundance) and the only one that is theoretically stable. The others, ¹³⁶Ce, ¹³⁸Ce, and ¹⁴²Ce are predicted to undergo double beta decay, which has never been observed. There are 35 radioisotopes that have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁴⁴Ce, with a half-life of 284.89 days; ¹³⁹Ce, with a half-life of 137.64 days and ¹⁴¹Ce, with a half-life of 32.505 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 4 days and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 10 minutes.

The known isotopes of cerium range from ¹²¹Ce to ¹⁵⁷Ce, in addition to 14 meta states.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹²⁰Ce	58	62
¹²¹Ce	58	63	120.94344(43)#	1.1(1) s	β⁺ (99%)	¹²¹La	5/2(+#)
¹²¹Ce	58	63	120.94344(43)#	1.1(1) s	β⁺, p (1%)	¹²⁰Ba	5/2(+#)
¹²²Ce	58	64	121.93787(43)#	2# s	β⁺	¹²²La	0+
¹²³Ce	58	65	122.93528(32)#	3.8(2) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹²³La	(5/2)(+#)
¹²³Ce	58	65	122.93528(32)#	3.8(2) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²²Ba	(5/2)(+#)
¹²⁴Ce	58	66	123.93031(32)#	9.1(12) s	β⁺	¹²⁴La	0+
¹²⁵Ce	58	67	124.92844(21)#	9.7(3) s	β⁺ (?%)	¹²⁵La	(7/2−)
¹²⁵Ce	58	67	124.92844(21)#	9.7(3) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁴Ba	(7/2−)
^125mCe	93.6(4) keV			13(10) s	IT	¹²⁵Ce	(1/2+)
¹²⁶Ce	58	68	125.923971(30)	51.0(3) s	β⁺	¹²⁶La	0+
¹²⁷Ce	58	69	126.922727(31)	34(2) s	β⁺	¹²⁷La	(1/2+)
^127m1Ce	7.3(11) keV			28.6(7) s	β⁺	¹²⁷La	(5/2+)
^127m2Ce	36.9(11) keV			>10 μs	IT	¹²⁷Ce	(7/2−)
¹²⁸Ce	58	70	127.918911(30)	3.93(2) min	β⁺	¹²⁸La	0+
¹²⁹Ce	58	71	128.918102(30)	3.5(3) min	β⁺	¹²⁹La	(5/2+)
¹³⁰Ce	58	72	129.914736(30)	22.9(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁰La	0+
^130mCe	2453.6(3) keV			100(8) ns	IT	¹³⁰Ce	7−
¹³¹Ce	58	73	130.914429(35)	10.3(3) min	β⁺	¹³¹La	7/2+
^131mCe	63.09(9) keV			5.4(4) min	β⁺	¹³¹La	(1/2+)
¹³²Ce	58	74	131.911466(22)	3.51(11) h	β⁺	¹³²La	0+
^132mCe	2341.15(21) keV			9.4(3) ms	IT	¹³²Ce	8−
¹³³Ce	58	75	132.911520(18)	97(4) min	β⁺	¹³³La	1/2+
^133mCe	37.2(7) keV			5.1(3) h	β⁺	¹³³La	9/2−
¹³⁴Ce	58	76	133.908928(22)	3.16(4) d	EC	¹³⁴La	0+
^134mCe	3208.6(4) keV			308(5) ns	IT	¹³⁴Ce	10+
¹³⁵Ce	58	77	134.909161(11)	17.7(3) h	β⁺	¹³⁵La	1/2+
^135mCe	445.81(21) keV			20(1) s	IT	¹³⁵Ce	(11/2−)
¹³⁶Ce	58	78	135.90712926(35)	Observationally stable^{[n 8]}			0+	0.00186(2)
^136mCe	3095.0(6) keV			1.96(9) μs	IT	¹³⁶Ce	10+
¹³⁷Ce	58	79	136.90776242(39)	9.0(3) h	β⁺	¹³⁷La	3/2+
^137mCe	254.29(5) keV			34.4(3) h	IT (99.21%)	¹³⁷Ce	11/2−
^137mCe	254.29(5) keV			34.4(3) h	β⁺ (0.79%)	¹³⁷La	11/2−
¹³⁸Ce	58	80	137.90599418(54)	Observationally stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.00251(2)
^138mCe	2129.28(12) keV			8.73(20) ms	IT	¹³⁸Ce	7-
¹³⁹Ce	58	81	138.9066470(22)	137.642(20) d	EC	¹³⁹La	3/2+
^139mCe	754.24(8) keV			57.58(32) s	IT	¹³⁹Ce	11/2−
¹⁴⁰Ce^{[n 10]}	58	82	139.9054484(14)	Stable			0+	0.88449(51)
^140mCe	2107.854(24) keV			7.3(15) μs	IT	¹⁴⁰Ce	6+
¹⁴¹Ce^{[n 10]}	58	83	140.9082860(14)	32.505(10) d	β⁻	¹⁴¹Pr	7/2−
¹⁴²Ce^{[n 10]}	58	84	141.9092502(26)	Observationally stable^{[n 11]}^[5]			0+	0.11114(51)
¹⁴³Ce^{[n 10]}	58	85	142.9123920(26)	33.039(6) h	β⁻	¹⁴³Pr	3/2−
¹⁴⁴Ce^{[n 10]}	58	86	143.9136528(30)	284.886(25) d	β⁻	¹⁴⁴Pr	0+
¹⁴⁵Ce	58	87	144.917265(36)	3.01(6) min	β⁻	¹⁴⁵Pr	5/2−#
¹⁴⁶Ce	58	88	145.918812(16)	13.49(16) min	β⁻	¹⁴⁶Pr	0+
¹⁴⁷Ce	58	89	146.9226899(92)	56.4(10) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁷Pr	(5/2−)
¹⁴⁸Ce	58	90	147.924424(12)	56.8(3) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁸Pr	0+
¹⁴⁹Ce	58	91	148.928427(11)	4.94(4) s	β⁻	¹⁴⁹Pr	3/2−#
¹⁵⁰Ce	58	92	149.930384(13)	6.05(7) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁰Pr	0+
¹⁵¹Ce	58	93	150.934272(19)	1.76(6) s	β⁻	¹⁵¹Pr	(3/2−)
¹⁵²Ce	58	94	151.93668(22)#	1.42(2) s	β⁻	¹⁵²Pr	0+
¹⁵³Ce	58	95	152.94105(22)#	865(25) ms	β⁻	¹⁵³Pr	3/2−#
¹⁵⁴Ce	58	96	153.94394(22)#	722(14) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁴Pr	0+
¹⁵⁵Ce	58	97	154.94871(32)#	313(7) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁵Pr	5/2−#
¹⁵⁶Ce	58	98	155.95188(32)#	233(9) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁶Pr	0+
¹⁵⁷Ce	58	99	156.95713(43)#	175(41) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁷Pr	7/2+#
¹⁵⁸Ce	58	100	157.96077(43)#	99(93) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁸Pr	0+
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mCe – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁶Ba with a half-life over 3.2×10¹⁶ years
^ Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 4.4×10¹⁶ years
^ a b c d e Fission product
^ Theorized to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁴²Nd or α decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 2.9×10¹⁸ years

References

^ a b c d e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (140): 4–6. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. S2CID 254103706.

[4] Ce – Excited nuclear isomer.

[6] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-7] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-8] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[9] Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[10] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[11] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[12] Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁶Ba with a half-life over 3.2×10¹⁶ years

[13] Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 4.4×10¹⁶ years

[FP-14] Fission product

[15] Theorized to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁴²Nd or α decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 2.9×10¹⁸ years

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[CIAAWcerium-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-5] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[rare_decays-16] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (140): 4–6. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. S2CID 254103706.

[4] Ce – Excited nuclear isomer.

[6] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-7] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-8] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[9] Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[10] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[11] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[12] Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁶Ba with a half-life over 3.2×10¹⁶ years

[13] Theorized to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 4.4×10¹⁶ years

[FP-14] Fission product

[15] Theorized to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ¹⁴²Nd or α decay to ¹³⁸Ba with a half-life over 2.9×10¹⁸ years

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[CIAAWcerium-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-5] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[rare_decays-16] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (140): 4–6. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. S2CID 254103706.

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Authority control databases
National	United States Israel
Other	Yale LUX

Authority control databases
National	United States Israel
Other	Yale LUX

Isotopes of cerium

List of isotopes

See also

References

List of isotopes

See also

References