Jess (programming language)
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| Jess | |
|---|---|
| Developer | Sandia National Laboratories |
| Initial release | 1995 |
| Stable release | 7.1p2 / November 5, 2008 |
| Written in | Java |
| Platform | Java |
| License | Proprietary, public domain |
| Website | www |
Jess is a rule engine for the Java computing platform, written in the Java programming language. It was developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National Laboratories.[1] It is a superset of the CLIPS language.[1] It was first written in late 1995.[1] The language provides rule-based programming for the automation of an expert system, and is often termed as an expert system shell.[1] In recent years, intelligent agent systems have also developed, which depend on a similar ability.
Rather than a procedural paradigm, where one program has a loop that is activated only one time, the declarative paradigm used by Jess applies a set of rules to a set of facts continuously by a process named pattern matching. Rules can modify the set of facts, or can execute any Java code. It uses the Rete algorithm[1] to execute rules.
License
[edit]The licensing for Jess is freeware for education and government use, and is proprietary software, needing a license, for commercial use. In contrast, CLIPS, which is the basis and starting code for Jess, is free and open-source software.
Code examples
[edit]Code examples:
; is a comment(bind ?x 100); x = 100(deffunction max (?a ?b) (if (> ?a ?b) then ?a else ?b))(deffacts myroom (furniture chair) (furniture table) (furniture bed) )(deftemplate car (slot color) (slot mileage) (slot value) )(assert (car (color red) (mileage 10000) (value 400)))Sample code:
(clear)(deftemplate blood-donor (slot name) (slot type))(deffacts blood-bank ; put names & their types into [[working memory]] (blood-donor (name "Alice")(type "A")) (blood-donor (name "Agatha")(type "A")) (blood-donor (name "Bob")(type "B")) (blood-donor (name "Barbara")(type "B")) (blood-donor (name "Jess")(type "AB")) (blood-donor (name "Karen")(type "AB")) (blood-donor (name "Onan")(type "O")) (blood-donor (name "Osbert")(type "O")) )(defrule can-give-to-same-type-but-not-self ; handles A > A, B > B, O > O, AB > AB, but not N1 > N1 (blood-donor (name ?name)(type ?type)) (blood-donor (name ?name2)(type ?type2 &:(eq ?type ?type2) &: (neq ?name ?name2) )) => (printout t ?name " can give blood to " ?name2 crlf) )(defrule O-gives-to-others-but-not-itself ; O to O cover in above rule (blood-donor (name ?name)(type ?type &:(eq ?type "O"))) (blood-donor (name ?name2)(type ?type2 &: (neq ?type ?type2) &: (neq ?name ?name2) )) => (printout t ?name " can give blood to " ?name2 crlf) )(defrule A-or-B-gives-to-AB ; case O gives to AB and AB gives to AB already dealt with (blood-donor (name ?name)(type ?type &:(or (eq ?type "A") (eq ?type "B" )))) (blood-donor (name ?name2)(type ?type2 &: (eq ?type2 "AB") &: (neq ?name ?name2) )) => (printout t ?name " can give blood to " ?name2 crlf) );(watch all)(reset)(run)See also
[edit]Related systems
[edit]- CLIPS: public-domain software tool to build expert systems
- ILOG rules: business rule management system
- JBoss Drools: business rule management system (BRMS)
- Prolog: general purpose logic programming language
- OpenL Tablets: business centric rules and BRMS
- DTRules: decision table based, open-source rule engine for Java
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Hemmer, Markus C. (2008). Expert Systems in Chemistry Research. CRC Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9781420053241. Retrieved March 30, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4200-5323-4
Further sources
[edit]- Friedman-Hill, Ernest (2003). Jess in Action: Rule Based Systems in Java. Manning Publications. ISBN 9781930110892. Retrieved March 30, 2012. ISBN 1-930110-89-8
External links
[edit]
| Jess | |
|---|---|
| Developer | Sandia National Laboratories |
| Initial release | 1995 |
| Stable release | 7.1p2 / November 5, 2008 |
| Written in | Java |
| Platform | Java |
| License | Proprietary, public domain |
| Website | www.jessrules.com |
Jess is a rule engine for the Java computing platform, written in the Java programming language. It was developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National Laboratories.[1] It is a superset of the CLIPS language.[1] It was first written in late 1995.[1] The language provides rule-based programming for the automation of an expert system, and is often termed as an expert system shell.[1] In recent years, intelligent agent systems have also developed, which depend on a similar ability.
Rather than a procedural paradigm, where one program has a loop that is activated only one time, the declarative paradigm used by Jess applies a set of rules to a set of facts continuously by a process named pattern matching. Rules can modify the set of facts, or can execute any Java code. It uses the Rete algorithm[1] to execute rules.
License
The licensing for Jess is freeware for education and government use, and is proprietary software, needing a license, for commercial use. In contrast, CLIPS, which is the basis and starting code for Jess, is free and open-source software.
Code examples
Code examples:
; is a comment(bind ?x 100); x = 100(deffunction max (?a ?b) (if (> ?a ?b) then ?a else ?b))(deffacts myroom (furniture chair) (furniture table) (furniture bed) )(deftemplate car (slot color) (slot mileage) (slot value) )(assert (car (color red) (mileage 10000) (value 400)))Sample code:
(clear)(deftemplate blood-donor (slot name) (slot type))(deffacts blood-bank ; put names & their types into [[working memory]] (blood-donor (name "Alice")(type "A")) (blood-donor (name "Agatha")(type "A")) (blood-donor (name "Bob")(type "B")) (blood-donor (name "Barbara")(type "B")) (blood-donor (name "Jess")(type "AB")) (blood-donor (name "Karen")(type "AB")) (blood-donor (name "Onan")(type "O")) (blood-donor (name "Osbert")(type "O")) )(defrule can-give-to-same-type-but-not-self ; handles A > A, B > B, O > O, AB > AB, but not N1 > N1 (blood-donor (name ?name)(type ?type)) (blood-donor (name ?name2)(type ?type2 &:(eq ?type ?type2) &: (neq ?name ?name2) )) => (printout t ?name " can give blood to " ?name2 crlf) )(defrule O-gives-to-others-but-not-itself ; O to O cover in above rule (blood-donor (name ?name)(type ?type &:(eq ?type "O"))) (blood-donor (name ?name2)(type ?type2 &: (neq ?type ?type2) &: (neq ?name ?name2) )) => (printout t ?name " can give blood to " ?name2 crlf) )(defrule A-or-B-gives-to-AB ; case O gives to AB and AB gives to AB already dealt with (blood-donor (name ?name)(type ?type &:(or (eq ?type "A") (eq ?type "B" )))) (blood-donor (name ?name2)(type ?type2 &: (eq ?type2 "AB") &: (neq ?name ?name2) )) => (printout t ?name " can give blood to " ?name2 crlf) );(watch all)(reset)(run)See also
Related systems
- CLIPS: public-domain software tool to build expert systems
- ILOG rules: business rule management system
- JBoss Drools: business rule management system (BRMS)
- Prolog: general purpose logic programming language
- OpenL Tablets: business centric rules and BRMS
- DTRules: decision table based, open-source rule engine for Java
References
- ^ a b c d e Hemmer, Markus C. (2008). Expert Systems in Chemistry Research. CRC Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9781420053241. Retrieved March 30, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4200-5323-4
Further sources
- Friedman-Hill, Ernest (2003). Jess in Action: Rule Based Systems in Java. Manning Publications. ISBN 9781930110892. Retrieved March 30, 2012. ISBN 1-930110-89-8
External links
- Official website