Makasae language
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| Makasae | |
|---|---|
| Native to | East Timor |
| Region | Timor Island, eastern end around Baucau and inland, west of Fataluku, from northern to southern coast in a dialect chain. |
Native speakers | 102,000 (2010 census)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mkz |
| Glottolog | maka1316 |
 Distribution of Makasae mother-tongue speakers in East Timor | |
 Distribution of Makalero  Distribution of Sa'ane | |
| Coordinates: 8°39′S 126°30′E / 8.650°S 126.500°E | |
Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 100,000 people in the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku. It is the most widely spoken Papuan language west of New Guinea.
Phonology
[edit]The data in this section are from Huber (2017).[2]
Consonants
[edit]Native consonant phonemes are shown in the chart below for the Ossu dialect. Borrowed consonants are enclosed in parentheses.
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | t | d | k | g | ʔ | ||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
Vowels
[edit]Monophthongs
[edit]Makasae has five vowel phonemes.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i (iː) | u (uː) | |
| Mid | e (eː) | o (oː) | |
| Open | a (aː) |
References
[edit]- ^ Makasae at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Huber, Juliette (2017). "Makalero and Makasae". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.). The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 267–351.
Further reading
[edit]- Huber, Juliette (2008). First steps towards a grammar of Makasae: a language of East Timor. LINCOM
- Correia, Aderito (2011). Describing Makasae: a trans-New Guinea language of East Timor (Ph.D. thesis). University of Western Sydney.
- Fogaça, Jessé Silveira (2011). Fonética e fonologia da língua Makasae [Phonetics and phonology of the Makasae language] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília.
- Fogaça, Jessé Silveira (2015). Aspectos gramaticais da língua makasae de timor-leste : fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe [Grammar aspects of the East Timorese Makasae language: phonology, morphology and syntax] (Doctor's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília. doi:10.26512/2015.11.T.20168.
External links
[edit]- Makasai at The Language Archive
| Makasae | |
|---|---|
| Native to | East Timor |
| Region | Timor Island, eastern end around Baucau and inland, west of Fataluku, from northern to southern coast in a dialect chain. |
Native speakers | 102,000 (2010 census)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mkz |
| Glottolog | maka1316 |
 Distribution of Makasae mother-tongue speakers in East Timor | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 8°39′S 126°30′E / 8.650°S 126.500°E / -8.650; 126.500 | |
Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 100,000 people in the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku. It is the most widely spoken Papuan language west of New Guinea.
Phonology
The data in this section are from Huber (2017).[2]
Consonants
Native consonant phonemes are shown in the chart below for the Ossu dialect. Borrowed consonants are enclosed in parentheses.
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | t | d | k | g | ʔ | ||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
Vowels
Monophthongs
Makasae has five vowel phonemes.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i (iː) | u (uː) | |
| Mid | e (eː) | o (oː) | |
| Open | a (aː) |
References
- ^ Makasae at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Huber, Juliette (2017). "Makalero and Makasae". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.). The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 267–351.
Further reading
- Huber, Juliette (2008). First steps towards a grammar of Makasae: a language of East Timor. LINCOM
- Correia, Aderito (2011). Describing Makasae: a trans-New Guinea language of East Timor (Ph.D. thesis). University of Western Sydney.
- Fogaça, Jessé Silveira (2011). Fonética e fonologia da língua Makasae [Phonetics and phonology of the Makasae language] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília.
- Fogaça, Jessé Silveira (2015). Aspectos gramaticais da língua makasae de timor-leste : fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe [Grammar aspects of the East Timorese Makasae language: phonology, morphology and syntax] (Doctor's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília. doi:10.26512/2015.11.T.20168.
External links
- Makasai at The Language Archive