フォカ族

This article is part of a series on the
History of the
Tumbuka people
Flag of Malawi
Timeline and periods
MudalaMulonga Mbulalubilo
Early settlements and regional states before c.1400
Nkhamanga era (Kamanga polities) c.1400–1700
    Consolidation in Northern Malawi (Henga/Phoka areas) c.1500–1700
Trade, migrations & neighboring influences 1700–1830
    Coastal–hinterland trade links via Lake Malawi corridor 1700s
Disruption & reconfiguration (Ngoni incursions) 1835–1900
    Refuge, alliances, and re-settlement across present Malawi/Zambia/Tanzania mid-1800s
Colonial era (Nyasaland & North-Eastern Rhodesia/Northern Rhodesia) 1891–1964
    Mission education & literacy in Chitumbuka 1890s–1950s
    Central African Federation period 1953–1963
Independence & nation-building 1964–1994
    Cultural safeguarding (e.g., Vimbuza, Gonapamuhanya, Fwemba, Kulonga, Mganda) 1960s–1990s
Multiparty era & cultural revival 1994–present
    Cross-border identity in Malawi–Zambia–Tanzania–Zimbabwe 1990s–present
Topics
  • Precolonial polities & other sub groups
  • Traditional customs & lifeways (new)
    • Tumbuka marriage customs
    • Tumbuka naming customs
    • Tumbuka birth customs
    • Taboos (Vyalo)
    • Tumbuka land tenure
    • Tumbuka conflict resolution
  • Language, folklore & oral arts (new)
    • Tumbuka proverbs
    • Tumbuka riddles
    • Tumbuka storytelling traditions
    • Tumbuka children's games
  • Mythology & oral traditions (new)
    • Tumbuka creation myths
    • Gogo Mbizi legend
    • Tumbuka giants mythology
    • Mythic kingdoms of the Tumbuka
  • Economy, technology & crafts (new)
    • Tumbuka iron smelting
    • Tumbuka blacksmithing
    • Salt mining in Tumbuka regions
    • Traditional fishing among the Tumbuka
    • Indigenous farming systems of the Tumbuka
  • Geography, environment & sacred landscapes (new)
    • Sacred hills of the Tumbuka
    • Sacred rivers of the Tumbuka
    • Rainmaking traditions
    • Environmental beliefs of the Tumbuka
  • Historical interactions & migrations (new)
    • Tumbuka–Bisa relations
    • Tumbuka–Tabwa relations
    • Tumbuka–Lungu relations
    • Tumbuka long-distance trade routes
    • Tumbuka labour migration history (1900–1960)
    • Tumbuka diaspora communities
  • Colonial & modern transformations (new)
    • Tumbuka under colonial rule
    • Tumbuka in World War I
    • Tumbuka in World War II
    • Post-1994 Tumbuka revival
    • Digital activism in Chitumbuka
Groups & sub-groups
Places
Territorial evolution & movements
  • Early Nkhamanga/Henga/Phoka heartlands
  • Lake Malawi corridor exchanges
  • Colonial boundaries shaping cross-border Tumbuka identity
Core regions
Notable localities
Ceremonies & heritage sites
Persecution
  • Outline
  • List of years
  • Historiography
  • Category
  • Portal

フォカ族はチトゥンブカ語を話すバンツー族で、トゥンブカ族と関連があり、主にマラウイ北部のルンピ地区とカロンガ地区に居住している。[1] [2]

歴史と起源

フォカ族の起源は1500年に遡ります。彼らはムニャンジャバの指導の下、ニャサランドを離れることを決意しました。彼らは農耕に適した肥沃な土地を求めて川を渡ることを決意しました。フォカ族はもともとマラウイ北部のニカ高原周辺から来ていました。 [3]

参考文献

  1. ^ モリス、ブライアン (2006). 「植民地時代以前のマラウイにおける象牙貿易と首長制」マラウイ協会誌. 59 (2): 6– 23. ISSN  0037-993X.
  2. ^ Msiska, Augustine WC (1981). 「マラウイ、ルンピのフォカ族における鉄工と初期の貿易に関する覚書」マラウイ協会誌. 34 (1): 36– 44. ISSN  0037-993X.
  3. ^ Heckroodt, RO (1985). 「マラウイ北部のフォカ陶器」.マラウイ協会誌. 38 (2): 20– 28. ISSN  0037-993X.
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