Twenty20

Lasith Malinga bowling to Shahid Afridi in the 2009 T20 World Cup Final at Lord's, London.

Twenty20 (abbreviated T20) is a shortened format of cricket. At the professional level, it was introduced by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2003 for the inter-county competition.[1] In a Twenty20 game, the two teams have a single innings each, which is restricted to a maximum of twenty overs (which is equivalent to 120 legal deliveries per team). Together with first-class and List A cricket, Twenty20 is one of the three forms of cricket recognised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) as being played at the highest level, both internationally and domestically.

A typical Twenty20 match lasts just over 3 hours,[2] with each innings lasting around 90 minutes and an official 10-minute break between the innings. This is much shorter than previous forms of the game, and is closer to the timespan of other popular team sports. It was introduced to create a fast-paced game that would be attractive to spectators at the ground and viewers on television.

The game has succeeded in spreading around the cricket world. On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test-playing nations have a domestic cup competition.

History

Origins

Former England batsman Andrew Strauss batting for Middlesex against Surrey

When the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002, the ECB sought another one-day competition to fill with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship. The Board wanted to deliver fast-paced, exciting cricket accessible to fans who were put off by the longer versions of the game.[3] Stuart Robertson, the marketing manager of the ECB, proposed a 20-over-per-innings game, invented by New Zealand cricketer Martin Crowe, to county chairmen in 2001, and they voted 11–7 in favour of adopting the new format.[4]

The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup.[5] The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by nine wickets in the final to claim the title.[6] The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.[7]

Worldwide spread

Thirteen teams from different parts of the country participated in Pakistan's inaugural competition in 2004, with the Faisalabad Wolves the first winners. On 12 January 2005 Australia's first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers. It drew a sell-out crowd of 20,000, which was the first one in nearly 25 years.[8]

Starting on 11 July 2006, 19 West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20/20 tournament. The event was financially backed by billionaire Allen Stanford, who gave at least US$28 million in funding money. It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event. Guyana won the inaugural event, defeating Trinidad and Tobago by five wickets, securing US$1 million in prize money.[9][10]

On 5 January 2007 the Queensland Bulls played the New South Wales Blues at The Gabba, Brisbane. An unexpected 16,000 fans turned up on the day to buy tickets, causing Gabba staff to throw open gates and grant many fans free entry. Attendance reached 27,653.[11] For the February 2008 Twenty20 match between Australia and India, 85,824 people attended the match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, involving the Twenty20 World Champions[12] against the ODI World Champions.[13]

The Stanford Super Series was held in October 2008 between the three teams. The respective winners of the English and Caribbean Twenty20 competitions, Middlesex and Trinidad and Tobago, and a Stanford Superstars team formed from West Indies domestic players. Trinidad and Tobago won the competition, securing US$280,000 prize money.[14][15] On 1 November, the Stanford Superstars played England in what was expected to be the first of five fixtures in as many years with the winner claiming US$20 million in each match. The Stanford Superstars won the first match,[16] but no further fixtures were held as Allen Stanford was charged with fraud in 2009.[17]

T20 leagues

Crowd during a match of the 2015 IPL season in Hyderabad, India

Several T20 leagues started after the popularity of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20.[18] The Board of Control for Cricket in India started the Indian Premier League popularly known as IPL, which is now the largest cricket league, in 2008, which utilizes the North American sports franchise system with ten teams in major Indian cities. In September 2017, the broadcasting and digital rights for the next five years (2018–2022) of the IPL[19] were sold to Star India for US$2.55 billion,[20] making it one of the world's most lucrative sports league per match. The IPL has seen a spike in its brand valuation to US$5.3 billion after the 10th edition, according to global valuation and corporate finance advisor Duff & Phelps.[21]

The Big Bash League, Bangladesh Premier League, Pakistan Super League, Caribbean Premier League, and Afghanistan Premier League started thereafter, following similar formulae, and remained popular with the fans.[22][23] The Women's Big Bash League was started in 2015 by Cricket Australia, while the Kia Super League was started in England and Wales in 2016. The Mzansi Super League in South Africa was started in 2018.

Several T20 leagues[24] follow the general format of having a group stage followed by a Page playoff system among the top four teams where:

  • The first- and second-highest placed teams in the group stage face off, with the winner going to the final.
  • The third- and fourth-place teams face off, with the loser being eliminated.
  • The two teams who have not yet made it to the final after the above two matches have been played face off to fill the second berth in the final.

In the Big Bash League, there was an additional match to determine which of the fourth- or fifth-placed teams will qualify to be in the top four, Until the 2022/23 season.[25]

Twenty20 Internationals

The first Twenty20 International match was held on 5 August 2004 between the England and New Zealand women's teams, with New Zealand winning by nine runs.[26]

On 17 February 2005 Australia defeated New Zealand in the first men's international Twenty20 match, played at Eden Park in Auckland. The game was played in a light-hearted manner – both sides turned out in kit similar to that worn in the 1980s, the New Zealand team's a direct copy of that worn by the Beige Brigade. Some of the players also sported moustaches or beards and hairstyles popular in the 1980s, taking part in a competition amongst themselves for "best retro look", at the request of the Beige Brigade. Australia won the game comprehensively, and as the result became obvious towards the end of the NZ innings, the players and umpires took things less seriously: Glenn McGrath jokingly replayed the Trevor Chappell underarm incident from a 1981 ODI between the two sides, and Billy Bowden showed him a mock red card (red cards are not normally used in cricket) in response.[citation needed]

On 16 February 2006 New Zealand defeated West Indies in a tie-breaking bowl-out 3–0; 126 runs were scored apiece in the game proper.[citation needed]

The ICC has declared that it sees T20 as the optimal format for globalizing the game,[27] and in 2018, announced that it will give international status to all T20 cricket matches played between its member nations.[28] This resulted in a significant leap in the number of T20I matches played across the world.[29][30]

Twenty20 World Cup

Every two years an ICC World Twenty20 tournament is to take place, except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year, in which case it will be held the year before. The first tournament was in 2007 in South Africa where India defeated Pakistan in the final. Two Associate teams had played in the first tournament, selected through the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One, a 50-over competition. In December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams. With six participants, two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money.[31] The second tournament was won by Pakistan, who beat Sri Lanka by eight wickets in England on 21 June 2009. The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in the West Indies in May 2010, where England defeated Australia by seven wickets. The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West Indies, by defeating Sri Lanka at the finals. It was the first time in cricket history when a T20 World Cup tournament took place in an Asian country. The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was won by Sri Lanka, by defeating India at the finals, where the tournament was held in Bangladesh. The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 was won by West Indies. In July 2020, the ICC announced that both the 2020 and 2021 editions had been postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In June 2021, the ICC expanded the Twenty20 World Cup from 16 to 20 teams starting from the 2024 edition onwards.[32]

Impact on the game

Twenty20 matches can have some exciting displays, such as when the batsmen run out to the pitch

Twenty20 cricket is claimed to have resulted in a more athletic and explosive form of cricket. Indian fitness coach Ramji Srinivasan declared in an interview with the Indian fitness website Takath.com that Twenty20 had "raised the bar" in terms of fitness levels for all players, demanding higher levels of strength, speed, agility and reaction time from all players regardless of role in the team.[33] Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the Indian Premier League.[34]

Several commentators have noted that the T20 format has been embraced by many Associate Members of the ICC partly because it is more financially viable to play.[35][27] T20's success has also inspired the invention of even shorter formats, such as T10 cricket and 100-ball cricket,[36] and its impact on cricket has been compared to or served as inspiration for innovations in other sports, such as with the 3x3 variant of basketball or the Indian Pro Kabaddi League.[37]

Former Australian captain Ricky Ponting, on the other hand, has criticised Twenty20 as being detrimental to Test cricket and for hampering batsmen's scoring skills and concentration.[38] Former Australian captain Greg Chappell made similar complaints, fearing that young players would play too much T20 and not develop their batting skills fully, while former England player Alex Tudor feared the same for bowling skills.[39][40]

Former West Indies captains Clive Lloyd, Michael Holding and Garfield Sobers criticised Twenty20 for its role in discouraging players from representing their test cricket national side, with many West Indies players like Chris Gayle, Sunil Narine, Jason Holder and Dwayne Bravo preferring instead to play in a Twenty20 franchise elsewhere in the world and make far more money.[41][42][43][44][45][46]Similar, New Zealand players Trent Boult and Jimmy Neesham turned down central contracts enabling them to play cricket for New Zealand, instead preferring to concentrate on Twenty20 franchise cricket.[47]

Under-17s and Under-19s are playing T20 games in national championships, and at the detriment of two-day games. Good state players these days are averaging 35; if you were averaging 35 when I was playing your dad would go and buy you a basketball or a footy and tell you to play that.

Inclusion in multi-sport events

In June 2009, speaking at the annual Cowdrey Lecture at Lord's, former Australian wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist pushed for Twenty20 to be made an Olympic sport. "It would," he said, "be difficult to see a better, quicker or cheaper way of spreading the game throughout the world."[49] This became a reality starting with the 2028 Summer Olympics. T20 cricket has also been accepted into the Asian Games and Commonwealth Games.[50]

Match format and rules

Format

Twenty20 match format is a form of limited overs cricket in that it involves two teams, each with a single innings. The key feature is that each team bats for a maximum of 20 overs (120 legal balls). The batting team members do not arrive from and depart to traditional dressing rooms, but come and go from a bench (typically a row of chairs) visible in the playing arena, analogous to association football's technical area or a baseball dugout.[51]

Middlesex playing against Surrey at Lord's, in front of a 28,000-strong crowd

General rules

The Laws of Cricket apply to Twenty20, with some variations depending on the exact competition rules. The most common include:[52][better source needed]

  • Each bowler may bowl a maximum of only one-fifth of the total overs per innings. For a full, uninterrupted match, this is four overs.
  • If a bowler delivers a no-ball by overstepping the crease, it costs one or two runs (depending on the competition) and their next delivery is designated a "free hit". In this circumstance the batter can only be dismissed through a run out, hitting the ball twice or obstructing the field.
  • The following fielding restrictions apply:
    • No more than five fielders can be on the leg side at any time.
    • During the first six overs, a maximum of two fielders can be outside the 30-yard circle (this is known as the powerplay).
    • After the first six overs, a maximum of five fielders can be outside the fielding circle.
      • However, in Australia's Big Bash League the Powerplay is only the first 4 overs, with the batters choosing when the same restrictions apply for 2 overs in the second half of the innings, in a period called a Powersurge.

Tie deciders

Currently, if the match ends with the scores tied and there must be a winner, the tie is broken with a one-over-per-side Eliminator[53] or Super Over:[54][55] Each team nominates three batsmen and one bowler to play a one-over-per-side "mini-match". The team which bats second in the match bats first in the Super Over.[56][57] In turn, each side bats one over bowled by the one nominated opposition bowler, with their innings over if they lose two wickets before the over is completed. The side with the higher score from their Super Over wins. If the Super Over also ends up in a tie, it is repeated until the tie is broken.

In the Australian domestic competition the Big Bash League, the Super Over is played slightly differently, with no two-wicket limit, and if the Super Over is also tied then a "countback" is used, with scores after the fifth ball for each team being used to determine the result. If it is still tied, then the countback goes to four balls, and so on.[58] The latest Super Over to decide a match was between the United States and Pakistan on 6 June 2024, in the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup at Grand Prairie Stadium in Dallas, Texas, with the United States winning 18/1 to 13/1 in the Super Over after tying on 159.

Tied Twenty20 matches were previously decided by a bowl-out.[59]

International

Women's and men's Twenty20 Internationals have been played since 2004 and 2005 respectively. To date, 76 nations have played the format, including all Test-playing nations.

NationDate of men's T20I debutDate of women's T20I debut
 Australia17 February 20052 September 2005
 New Zealand17 February 20055 August 2004
 England13 June 20055 August 2004
 South Africa21 October 200510 August 2007
 West Indies16 February 200627 June 2008
 Sri Lanka15 June 200612 June 2009
 Pakistan28 August 200625 May 2009
 Bangladesh28 November 200627 August 2012
 Zimbabwe28 November 20065 January 2019
 India1 December 20065 August 2006
 Kenya1 September 20076 April 2019
 Scotland12 September 20077 July 2018
 Netherlands2 August 200827 June 2008
 Ireland2 August 200827 June 2008
 Canada2 August 200817 May 2019
 Bermuda3 August 2008
 Afghanistan2 February 2010
   Nepal16 March 201412 January 2019
 Hong Kong16 March 201412 January 2019
 United Arab Emirates17 March 20147 July 2018
 Papua New Guinea15 July 20157 July 2018
 Oman25 July 201517 January 2020
 Sierra Leone19 October 202120 August 2018
 Lesotho16 October 202120 August 2018
 South Korea9 October 20223 November 2018
 China26 July 20233 November 2018
 Indonesia9 October 202212 January 2019
 Myanmar26 July 202312 January 2019
 Bhutan5 December 201913 January 2019
 Bahrain20 January 201920 March 2022
 Saudi Arabia20 January 201920 March 2022
 Kuwait20 January 201918 February 2019
 Maldives20 January 20192 December 2019
 Qatar21 January 201917 January 2020
 Rwanda18 August 202126 January 2019
 United States15 March 201917 May 2019
 Philippines22 March 201921 December 2019
 Vanuatu22 March 20196 May 2019
 Spain29 March 20195 May 2022
 Malta29 March 201927 August 2022
 Mexico25 April 201923 August 2018
 Belize25 April 201913 December 2019
 Costa Rica25 April 201926 April 2019
 Panama25 April 2019
 Japan9 October 20226 May 2019
 Fiji9 September 20226 May 2019
 Tanzania2 November 20216 May 2019
 Belgium11 May 201925 September 2021
 Germany11 May 201926 June 2019
 Uganda20 May 20197 July 2018
 Nigeria20 May 201926 January 2019
 Ghana20 May 201928 March 2022
 Namibia20 May 201920 August 2018
 Botswana20 May 201920 August 2018
 Italy25 May 20199 August 2021
 Guernsey31 May 201931 May 2019
 Jersey31 May 201931 May 2019
 Norway15 June 201931 July 2019
 Denmark16 June 201928 May 2022
 Mali17 November 202118 June 2019
 Malaysia24 June 20193 June 2018
 Thailand24 June 20193 June 2018
 Samoa8 July 20196 May 2019
 Finland13 July 2019
 Singapore22 July 20199 August 2018
 France5 August 202131 July 2019
 Cayman Islands18 August 201926 September 2024
 Austria29 August 201931 July 2019
 Romania29 August 201927 August 2022
 Luxembourg29 August 2019
 Turkey29 August 201929 May 2023
 Czech Republic30 August 2019
 Argentina3 October 20193 October 2019
 Brazil3 October 201923 August 2018
 Chile3 October 201923 August 2018
 Peru3 October 20193 October 2019
 Bulgaria14 October 2019
 Serbia14 October 201910 September 2022
 Greece15 October 20199 September 2022
 Portugal25 October 2019
 Gibraltar26 October 2019
 Malawi6 November 201920 August 2018
 Mozambique6 November 201920 August 2018
 Timor-Leste6 November 2025

T20 International rankings

In November 2011, the ICC released the first Twenty20 International rankings for the men's game, based on the same system as the Test and ODI rankings. The rankings cover a two- to three-year period, with matches since the most recent 1 August weighted fully, matches in the preceding 12 months weighted two-thirds, and matches in the 12 months preceding that weighted one-third. To qualify for the rankings, teams must have played at least eight Twenty20 Internationals in the ranking period.[60][61]

The ICC Women's Rankings were launched in October 2015, which aggregated performance over all three forms of the game.[62] In October 2018, the ICC announced that the women's ranking would be split between ODIs and T20Is, and released both tables shortly thereafter.[63]

ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings
TeamMatchesPointsRating
 India7119,312272
 Australia4211,199267
 England4511,609258
 New Zealand5313,318251
 South Africa5312,739240
 West Indies6114,424236
 Pakistan7317,149235
 Sri Lanka4810,951228
 Bangladesh6714,925223
 Afghanistan459,895220
 Ireland377,438201
 Zimbabwe6613,190200
 Netherlands356,366182
 Scotland234,178182
 Namibia356,344181
 United Arab Emirates6010,584176
   Nepal427,384176
 United States335,769175
 Canada355,374154
 Oman477,140152
 Uganda567,952142
 Papua New Guinea202,718136
 Kuwait425,441130
 Hong Kong526,602127
 Malaysia597,386125
 Bahrain728,595119
 Jersey242,819117
 Italy151,725115
 Qatar414,666114
 Spain222,478113
 Bermuda273,040113
 Saudi Arabia394,245109
 Kenya485,074106
 Tanzania414,082100
 Germany221,92487
 Nigeria534,16679
 Guernsey272,07177
 Singapore413,07575
 Cayman Islands261,92174
 Austria574,05471
 Denmark181,26270
 Norway302,09570
 Portugal201,33367
 Japan382,51866
 Belgium362,05957
 Argentina1574550
  Switzerland221,08649
 Finland231,13049
 Sweden221,04848
 Malawi432,01947
 Botswana331,54747
 Isle of Man1360446
 France241,10946
 Romania341,54445
 Philippines261,15845
 Bahamas2397242
 Thailand411,72442
 Czech Republic2291141
 Cook Islands1455239
 Cambodia321,24639
 Rwanda742,87439
 Indonesia793,04439
 Fiji1138735
 Vanuatu1656135
 Cyprus2478933
 Ghana1957030
 Hungary3397129
 Samoa2367229
 Zambia1029029
 Estonia2466528
 Malta411,08526
 Mozambique2051826
 Eswatini1949126
 Israel717825
 Panama1531821
 Belize816421
 Bhutan3162620
 Gibraltar2649419
 Luxembourg2443218
 Sierra Leone2747718
 Costa Rica1321817
 Mexico1828716
 Suriname811915
 Serbia3031511
 Maldives2121410
 Cameroon11868
 Brazil12908
 Bulgaria291917
 South Korea16946
 Saint Helena8446
 China6295
 Lesotho11242
 Turkey12262
 Gambia861
 Myanmar2900
 Slovenia1800
 Seychelles700
 Mali900
 Greece600
 Croatia2600
 Mongolia1300
 Timor-Leste800
Source: ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings, 29 December 2025
See points calculations for more details.
ICC Women's T20I Team Rankings
TeamMatchesPointsRating
 Australia319,260299
 England4612,751277
 India4912,968265
 New Zealand348,600253
 South Africa358,456242
 West Indies358,433241
 Sri Lanka439,741227
 Pakistan367,790216
 Ireland418,198200
 Bangladesh346,535192
 Scotland304,712157
 Thailand578,902156
 Papua New Guinea344,995147
 Netherlands445,809132
 Zimbabwe354,587131
 United Arab Emirates577,440131
 Uganda707,877113
 Namibia556,057110
 Tanzania404,138103
 Indonesia333,15596
   Nepal413,78892
 Hong Kong544,78289
 Italy332,89188
 Rwanda594,90183
 United States221,72578
 Malaysia393,02678
 Nigeria362,69475
  Switzerland1286372
 Kenya412,83269
 Vanuatu261,68865
 Canada171,06763
 Jersey301,87062
 Spain171,04962
 Germany331,85056
 Brazil321,69953
 Myanmar341,57746
 Sweden241,09346
 Isle of Man301,31244
 Oman1564543
 Japan331,37742
 Sierra Leone321,32241
 Cyprus1871240
 Denmark2390839
 Gibraltar1553536
 Guernsey1344234
 China2791434
 Kuwait2784831
 Samoa2370931
 Botswana351,07731
 Turkey1132229
 Greece2666225
 France1435225
 Romania1229024
 Croatia1023724
 Austria3263920
 Bhutan2039820
 Argentina1932217
 Estonia2337616
 Fiji2235816
 Qatar2436515
 Mozambique2030115
 Serbia1724614
 Norway2434214
 Malta1720012
 Malawi2122611
 Luxembourg1514910
 Cameroon241607
 Lesotho10505
 Singapore451664
 Philippines23392
 Cook Islands1460
 Eswatini1700
 Finland900
 Czech Republic1900
 Bulgaria1900
 Belgium800
 Bahrain2200
 Cambodia1000
 Mongolia2000
Source: ICC Women's T20I Team Rankings, 30 December 2025

Domestic professional T20 leagues

The Perth Scorchers taking on the Hobart Hurricanes at the WACA Ground during Australia's BBL 01 (2011–12).
The Guyana Amazon Warriors taking on the Trinbago Knight Riders at the Providence Stadium during West Indies' CPL 06 (2018).

This is a list of the current Twenty20 domestic competitions in several of the leading cricket countries.

CountryDomestic competitionsNumber of teams
AustraliaBig Bash League8
BangladeshBangladesh Premier League, National Cricket League Twenty208, 8
CanadaGlobal T20 Canada6
EnglandVitality Blast18
Hong KongHong Kong T20 Blitz5
IndiaIndian Premier League, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy10, 38
IrelandInter-Provincial Trophy4
NetherlandsDutch Twenty20 Cup16
NepalNepal Premier League8
New ZealandSuper Smash6
PakistanPakistan Super League, National T20 Cup, Champions T20 Cup6, 8, 6
ScotlandMurgitroyd Twenty20, Regional Pro Series3
South AfricaSA20, CSA Provincial T20 Cup6, 15, 6
Sri LankaLanka Premier League5
West IndiesCaribbean Premier League6
United Arab EmiratesInternational League T206
United StatesMajor League Cricket6
ZimbabweStanbic Bank 20 Series4
The Kolkata Knight Riders taking on the Chennai Super Kings at the Eden Gardens during India's IPL 01 (2008)

See also

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twenty20 cricket.
  • Cricinfo – Twenty20 records
  • CricinfoT20 – Twenty20 records
  • IPL News 2021
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