Boiken language
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| Boiken | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Sepik River basin |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2004)[1] |
Sepik
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bzf |
| Glottolog | boik1241 |
| ELP | Boiken |
Boiken (Nucum, Yangoru) is one of the more populous of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea. It is spoken around Boiken Creek in Yangoru-Saussia District, East Sepik Province and adjacent islands off the north coast of northern Papua New Guinea.[1]
Phonology
[edit]| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Dorsal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | (ŋ) | ||
| Stop | p | t | k | (ʔ) | ||
| Affricate | t̪s̪ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ | s | x | ||
| voiced | ɣ | |||||
| Approximant | w | l̪ | j | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Flap | ɺ | |||||
- Stop sounds /p, t̪s̪, t, k/ are heard as voiced [b, d̪z̪, d, ɡ] when following a nasal counterpart.
- /k/ has an allophone of a glottal [ʔ] in word-final position, or when preceding a consonant in word-medial position.
- Sounds /ɸ, s, x/ can be voiced as [β, z, ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants, or freely in word-final position.
- /r/ can be heard as a voiceless trill [r̥] in word-initial positions.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | æ | a | ɒ |
- /ɨ, ə/ have allophones of [ɪ, ɛ] when following dental and alveolar sounds.
- /u/ has an allophone of [ʊ] when preceding /k/ heard as a glottal [ʔ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
- /o/ has an allophone of [ɔ] when following labial and velar sounds.
References
[edit]
External links
[edit]- Paradisec houses two collections of Arthur Capell's materials that include Boiken (AC1 and AC2) as well as notes from Don Laycock's work (DL2) all of these collections are open access.
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
| Boiken | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Sepik River basin |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2004)[1] |
Sepik
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bzf |
| Glottolog | boik1241 |
| ELP | Boiken |
Boiken (Nucum, Yangoru) is one of the more populous of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea. It is spoken around Boiken Creek in Yangoru-Saussia District, East Sepik Province and adjacent islands off the north coast of northern Papua New Guinea.[1]
Phonology
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Dorsal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | (ŋ) | ||
| Stop | p | t | k | (ʔ) | ||
| Affricate | t̪s̪ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ | s | x | ||
| voiced | ɣ | |||||
| Approximant | w | l̪ | j | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Flap | ɺ | |||||
- Stop sounds /p, t̪s̪, t, k/ are heard as voiced [b, d̪z̪, d, ɡ] when following a nasal counterpart.
- /k/ has an allophone of a glottal [ʔ] in word-final position, or when preceding a consonant in word-medial position.
- Sounds /ɸ, s, x/ can be voiced as [β, z, ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants, or freely in word-final position.
- /r/ can be heard as a voiceless trill [r̥] in word-initial positions.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | æ | a | ɒ |
- /ɨ, ə/ have allophones of [ɪ, ɛ] when following dental and alveolar sounds.
- /u/ has an allophone of [ʊ] when preceding /k/ heard as a glottal [ʔ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
- /o/ has an allophone of [ɔ] when following labial and velar sounds.
References
- ^ a b Boiken at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ a b Freudenburg, Allen & Marlene (1974). Boiken phonemes. In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of four Papua New Guinea languages: Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 97–127.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
External links
- Paradisec houses two collections of Arthur Capell's materials that include Boiken (AC1 and AC2) as well as notes from Don Laycock's work (DL2) all of these collections are open access.