Timeline of hypertext technology
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This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from ancient times and up to the present day. The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson.
See also Graphical user interface, Multimedia; also Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine's Mundaneum, a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910.
700 BCE–600 CE
[edit]- 700 BCE–300 CE
- 300 BCE–400 CE
- 300–600 CE
1930s
[edit]- 1939
1940s
[edit]- 1941
- 1945
- Memex (concept by Vannevar Bush)
1960s
[edit]- 1960
- Project Xanadu (concept)
- 1962
- Marshall McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy uses the term surfing
- 1967
- Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson at Brown University
- 1968
1970s
[edit]- 1972
- 1973
- 1976
- 1978
- 1979
1980s
[edit]- 1980
- ENQUIRE (not released)
- 1981
- Electronic Document System (EDS, aka Document Presentation System)
- Kussmaul Encyclopedia
- Xerox Star desktop
- 1982
- 1983
- Knowledge Management System (KMS, successor to ZOG)
- TIES (The Interactive Encyclopedia System, later HyperTies)
- 1984
- 1985
- Intermedia (successor to FRESS and EDS)
- Symbolics Document Examiner (Symbolics workstations)
- Grolier Academic American Encyclopedia CD-ROM Edition
- 1986
- 1987
- Macromedia Authorware
- Canon Cat ("Leap" function, interface)
- HyperCard
- Knowledge Navigator (concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John Sculley in his book Odyssey)
- Storyspace
- 1988
- 1989
1990s
[edit]- 1990
- DynaText
- World Wide Web
- Hyperland (BBC documentary written by Douglas Adams)
- ToolBook
- HyTelnet
- WinHelp
- 1991
- 1995
- 1996
- Hyperwire (Kinetix)
- 1998
- 1999
2000s
[edit]- 2001
- 2005
- 2014
- OpenXanadu, an implementation of Project Xanadu
- 2019
- Gemini, a lightweight complement to the Web
This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human–computer interaction projects and developments from ancient times and up to the present day. The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson.
See also Graphical user interface, Multimedia; also Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine's Mundaneum, a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910.
700 BCE–600 CE
- 700 BCE–300 CE
- 300 BCE–400 CE
- 300–600 CE
1930s
- 1939
1940s
- 1941
- 1945
- Memex (concept by Vannevar Bush)
1960s
- 1960
- Project Xanadu (concept)
- 1962
- Marshall McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy uses the term surfing
- 1967
- Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson at Brown University
- 1968
1970s
- 1972
- 1973
- 1976
- 1978
- 1979
1980s
- 1980
- ENQUIRE (not released)
- 1981
- Electronic Document System (EDS, aka Document Presentation System)
- Kussmaul Encyclopedia
- Xerox Star desktop
- 1982
- 1983
- Knowledge Management System (KMS, successor to ZOG)
- TIES (The Interactive Encyclopedia System, later HyperTies)
- 1984
- 1985
- Intermedia (successor to FRESS and EDS)
- Symbolics Document Examiner (Symbolics workstations)
- Grolier Academic American Encyclopedia CD-ROM Edition
- 1986
- Texinfo
- TextNet (a network-based approach to text handling)
- Neptune (a hypertext system for CAD applications)
- 1987
- Macromedia Authorware
- Canon Cat ("Leap" function, interface)
- HyperCard
- Knowledge Navigator (concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John Sculley in his book Odyssey)
- Storyspace
- 1988
- 1989
- Macromedia Director
- Information Management: a proposal, Tim Berners-Lee, CERN
1990s
- 1990
- DynaText
- World Wide Web
- Hyperland (BBC documentary written by Douglas Adams)
- ToolBook
- HyTelnet
- WinHelp
- 1991
- 1995
- 1996
- Hyperwire (Kinetix)
- 1998
- 1999
2000s
- 2001
- 2005
- 2014
- OpenXanadu, an implementation of Project Xanadu
- 2019
- Gemini, a lightweight complement to the Web