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Figure 1. Simplified one-dimensional model of a periodic crystal potential terminating at an ideal surface. At the surface, the model potential jumps abruptly to the vacuum level (solid line). The dashed line represents a more realistic picture, where the potential reaches the vacuum level over some distance.

表面状態の物理学結晶界面における電子状態のメカニズム

表面状態ショックレー状態タム状態電子バンド構造