1914 in Germany
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Events in the year 1914 in Germany.
Incumbents
[edit]National level
[edit]State level
[edit]Kingdoms
[edit]- King of Bavaria – Ludwig III
- King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
- King of Württemberg – William II
Grand Duchies
[edit]- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V to 11 June, then Adolphus Frederick VI
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest
Principalities
[edit]- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)
- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
[edit]- Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick – Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen to 25 June, then Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Colonial Governors
[edit]- Cameroon (Kamerun) – initially ... Full, acting governor, then Karl Ebermaier (2nd and final term)
- Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck to 7 November
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term) tol 13 February, then Eduard Haber (acting governor) until 17 October
- German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth tol 29 August
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz
- Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg to 31 August
Events
[edit]April
[edit]- April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
July
[edit]August
[edit]- 1 August – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.
- 3 August – World War I: Germany declares war on France
- 4 August:
- World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium
- World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.[1]
- 7 August – World War I: French and British forces invade and occupy the German colony of Togoland.
- 9 August:
- World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany.
- World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.[1]
- 23 August
- The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
- World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion.
- World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.[1]
- 28 August – World War I: The Battle of Heligoland - three German cruisers are sunk by British cruisers.
September
[edit]- 5–12 September – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins:[1] Northeast of Paris, German forces are attacked by the British Expeditionary Force and the French 6th Army. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in victory for the Anglo-French forces.
- 13–28 September – World War I: First Battle of the Aisne involving British, French and German forces.
- 21 September– World War I: All German armed forces in German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) surrender to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.
October
[edit]- 4 October – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.
- 19 October – 22 November – World War I: First Battle of Ypres fought between British, French and German forces in Ypres in Belgium.
November
[edit]- 1 November – World War I: Battle of Coronel fought – German forces, led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, defeat a Royal Navy squadron.
- 7 November – World War I: Following the Siege of Tsingtao, Japanese armed forces assume control of the German colonial concession at Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
December
[edit]- 8 December – World War I: The Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy.[2]
- 24 December – World War I: German and British soldiers begin an unofficial Christmas truce.
Births
[edit]January
[edit]- 6 January - Heinz Berggruen, German art dealer (died 2007)
- 12 January – Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (died 2006)
- 18 January - Arno Schmidt, German author (died 1979)
February
[edit]- 4 February - Alfred Andersch, German writer (died 1980)
- 20 February - Erich Ziegler, German politician and resistance activist (died 2004)
- 20 February - Hans Pischner, German conductor (died 2016)
- 22 February - Karl Otto Götz, German painter (died 2017)
March
[edit]- Wilhelm Wegner, German highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht (died 1989)
- March 2 - Walter Haeussermann, German engineer and rocket scientist (died 2010)
- March 18 - Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (died 1987)
April
[edit]- 8 April – Günter Amelung, highly decorated Rittmeister of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht (died 1944)
- 12 April - Gretel Bergmann, German high jumper (died 2017)
- 20 April – Otto Weiß, former German pair skater
May
[edit]- 3 May – Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart, German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1944)
- 7 May – Joachim Wandel, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1942)
- 26 May – Erhard Weiß, German diver (died 1957)
- 27 May – Otto Weidinger, member of the Waffen-SS (died (1990)
June
[edit]- 1 June – Karl Wanka, highly decorated Major of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II (died 1980)
- 13 June – Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld, art historian (died 1988)
July
[edit]- 1 July – Orli Wald, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany (died 1962)
- 1 July - Christl Cranz, German alpine racer (died 2004)
- 9 July - Willi Stoph, German politician (died 1999)
August
[edit]- 27 August – Heidi Kabel, actress (died 2010)[3]
September
[edit]- September 15 - Will Quadflieg, actor (died 2003)
- September 22 - Siegfried Lowitz, actor (died 1999)
November
[edit]- 6 November – Alfred Zwiebel, German-American landscape, floral, and still-life paint (died 2005)
- 13 November - Paul Lücke, German politician (died 1976)
- 15 November - Erich Steidtmann, German Nazi SS officer (died 2010)
December
[edit]- 5 December – Edmund Wagner, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1941)
- 13 December – Fritz Zängl, German skier and soldier (died 1943)
- 14 December – Karl Carstens, German politician, former President of Germany (died 1992)
- 19 December – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (died 1995)
- 21 December – Theodor Weissenberger, German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II (died 1959)
- 24 December- Herbert Reinecker, German dramatist and screenwriter (died 2007)
- 26 December – Annemarie Wendl, German actress (died 2006)
- 29 December – Alfred Vohrer, German film director (died 1986)
Deaths
[edit]January
[edit]- 13 January - Alfred Lichtwark, German art historian and museum curator (born 1852)
March
[edit]- 21 March - August Wöhler, German railway engineer (born 1819)
- 22 March - Otto Harnack, German historian (born 1857)
- 31 March – Christian Morgenstern, German author (born 1871)
April
[edit]- 2 April – Paul Heyse German writer and translator (born 1839)
- 11 April - Carl Chun, German biologist (born 1852)
May
[edit]- 29 May - Paul Mauser, German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist (born 1838)
June
[edit]- 11 June – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, nobleman (born 1848)
- 16 June - Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, German gynecologist w (born 1837)
- 25 June – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, nobleman (born 1826)
August
[edit]- 1 August – Adolf Zander, German composer (born 1843)
- 19 August – Franz Xavier Wernz, German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (born 1842)
- 24 August – Johannes Weiss, German Protestant theologian and biblical exegete (born 1863)
September
[edit]- 9 September - Albert Arnz, German painter (born 1832)
- 25 September – Alfred Lichtenstein (writer), German writer (born 1889)
- 26 September – August Macke, German painter (born 1887)
- 26 September - Hermann Löns, German poet (born 1866)
October
[edit]- 4 September – Theodor Weber, German physician (born 1829)
- 27 September – Robert von Pöhlmann, German ancient historian (born 1852)
November
[edit]- 2 November – Heinrich Burkhardt, German mathematician (born 1861)[4]
- 5 November – August Weismann, German biologist (born 1834)
- 14 November - Leonhard Tietz, German merchant (born 1849)
December
[edit]- 13 December - Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff, German general (born 1833)
- 17 December – Otto Sackur, 34, (German physical chemist) (born 1880)
Date unknown
[edit]- Gustav Weymer, 81, (German entomologist)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. p. 483. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ John C. Dove (1992). Who's Who in Germany 1992. Who's who the Internat. Red Series Verlag. p. 1061. ISBN 978-3-921220-65-8.
- ^ Renate Tobies (5 January 2012). Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 88. ISBN 978-3-0348-0251-2.
| |||||
| Decades: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| See also: | Other events of 1914 History of Germany • Timeline • Years | ||||
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg.png)
Events in the year 1914 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria – Ludwig III
- King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
- King of Württemberg – William II
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V to 11 June, then Adolphus Frederick VI
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)
- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick – Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen to 25 June, then Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) – initially ... Full, acting governor, then Karl Ebermaier (2nd and final term)
- Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck to 7 November
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term) tol 13 February, then Eduard Haber (acting governor) until 17 October
- German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth tol 29 August
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz
- Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg to 31 August
Events
April
- April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
July
August
- 1 August – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.
- 3 August – World War I: Germany declares war on France
- 4 August:
- World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium
- World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.[1]
- 7 August – World War I: French and British forces invade and occupy the German colony of Togoland.
- 9 August:
- World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany.
- World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.[1]
- 23 August
- The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
- World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion.
- World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.[1]
- 28 August – World War I: The Battle of Heligoland - three German cruisers are sunk by British cruisers.
September
- 5–12 September – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins:[1] Northeast of Paris, German forces are attacked by the British Expeditionary Force and the French 6th Army. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in victory for the Anglo-French forces.
- 13–28 September – World War I: First Battle of the Aisne involving British, French and German forces.
- 21 September– World War I: All German armed forces in German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) surrender to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.
October
- 4 October – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.
- 19 October – 22 November – World War I: First Battle of Ypres fought between British, French and German forces in Ypres in Belgium.
November
- 1 November – World War I: Battle of Coronel fought – German forces, led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, defeat a Royal Navy squadron.
- 7 November – World War I: Following the Siege of Tsingtao, Japanese armed forces assume control of the German colonial concession at Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
December
- 8 December – World War I: The Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy.[2]
- 24 December – World War I: German and British soldiers begin an unofficial Christmas truce.
Births
January
- 6 January - Heinz Berggruen, German art dealer (died 2007)
- 12 January – Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (died 2006)
- 18 January - Arno Schmidt, German author (died 1979)
February
- 4 February - Alfred Andersch, German writer (died 1980)
- 20 February - Erich Ziegler, German politician and resistance activist (died 2004)
- 20 February - Hans Pischner, German conductor (died 2016)
- 22 February - Karl Otto Götz, German painter (died 2017)
March
- Wilhelm Wegner, German highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht (died 1989)
- March 2 - Walter Haeussermann, German engineer and rocket scientist (died 2010)
- March 18 - Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (died 1987)
April
- 8 April – Günter Amelung, highly decorated Rittmeister of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht (died 1944)
- 12 April - Gretel Bergmann, German high jumper (died 2017)
- 20 April – Otto Weiß, former German pair skater
May
- 3 May – Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart, German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1944)
- 7 May – Joachim Wandel, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1942)
- 26 May – Erhard Weiß, German diver (died 1957)
- 27 May – Otto Weidinger, member of the Waffen-SS (died (1990)
June
- 1 June – Karl Wanka, highly decorated Major of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II (died 1980)
- 13 June – Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld, art historian (died 1988)
July
- 1 July – Orli Wald, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany (died 1962)
- 1 July - Christl Cranz, German alpine racer (died 2004)
- 9 July - Willi Stoph, German politician (died 1999)
August
- 27 August – Heidi Kabel, actress (died 2010)[3]
September
- September 15 - Will Quadflieg, actor (died 2003)
- September 22 - Siegfried Lowitz, actor (died 1999)
November
- 6 November – Alfred Zwiebel, German-American landscape, floral, and still-life paint (died 2005)
- 13 November - Paul Lücke, German politician (died 1976)
- 15 November - Erich Steidtmann, German Nazi SS officer (died 2010)
December
- 5 December – Edmund Wagner, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1941)
- 13 December – Fritz Zängl, German skier and soldier (died 1943)
- 14 December – Karl Carstens, German politician, former President of Germany (died 1992)
- 19 December – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (died 1995)
- 21 December – Theodor Weissenberger, German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II (died 1959)
- 24 December- Herbert Reinecker, German dramatist and screenwriter (died 2007)
- 26 December – Annemarie Wendl, German actress (died 2006)
- 29 December – Alfred Vohrer, German film director (died 1986)
Deaths
January
- 13 January - Alfred Lichtwark, German art historian and museum curator (born 1852)
March
- 21 March - August Wöhler, German railway engineer (born 1819)
- 22 March - Otto Harnack, German historian (born 1857)
- 31 March – Christian Morgenstern, German author (born 1871)
April
- 2 April – Paul Heyse German writer and translator (born 1839)
- 11 April - Carl Chun, German biologist (born 1852)
May
- 29 May - Paul Mauser, German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist (born 1838)
June
- 11 June – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, nobleman (born 1848)
- 16 June - Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, German gynecologist w (born 1837)
- 25 June – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, nobleman (born 1826)
August
- 1 August – Adolf Zander, German composer (born 1843)
- 19 August – Franz Xavier Wernz, German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (born 1842)
- 24 August – Johannes Weiss, German Protestant theologian and biblical exegete (born 1863)
September
- 9 September - Albert Arnz, German painter (born 1832)
- 25 September – Alfred Lichtenstein (writer), German writer (born 1889)
- 26 September – August Macke, German painter (born 1887)
- 26 September - Hermann Löns, German poet (born 1866)
October
- 4 September – Theodor Weber, German physician (born 1829)
- 27 September – Robert von Pöhlmann, German ancient historian (born 1852)
November
- 2 November – Heinrich Burkhardt, German mathematician (born 1861)[4]
- 5 November – August Weismann, German biologist (born 1834)
- 14 November - Leonhard Tietz, German merchant (born 1849)
December
- 13 December - Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff, German general (born 1833)
- 17 December – Otto Sackur, 34, (German physical chemist) (born 1880)
Date unknown
- Gustav Weymer, 81, (German entomologist)
References
- ^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. p. 483. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ John C. Dove (1992). Who's Who in Germany 1992. Who's who the Internat. Red Series Verlag. p. 1061. ISBN 978-3-921220-65-8.
- ^ Renate Tobies (5 January 2012). Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 88. ISBN 978-3-0348-0251-2.
