Mawayana language

Mawayana
Mawayana
Mapidian
Native to	Brazil, Guyana and Suriname
Region	Kwamalasamutu (currently)
Ethnicity	Mawayana [nl; hr]
Native speakers	2 (2015)
Language family	Arawakan North Arawak Rio Branco (Wapishanan) Mawayana; ; ;
Dialects	Mawakwa?;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; mzx – Mawayana; mpw – Mapidian (duplicate code)
Glottolog	mapi1252 Mapidian-Mawayana; mawa1268 Mawakwa (retired)
ELP	Mawayana

Mawayana
Mawayana
Mapidian
Native to	Brazil, Guyana and Suriname
Region	Kwamalasamutu (currently)
Ethnicity	Mawayana [nl; hr]
Native speakers	2 (2015)
Language family	Arawakan North Arawak Rio Branco (Wapishanan) Mawayana; ; ;
Dialects	Mawakwa?;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; mzx – Mawayana; mpw – Mapidian (duplicate code)
Glottolog	mapi1252 Mapidian-Mawayana; mawa1268 Mawakwa (retired)
ELP	Mawayana

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Mapidian language)

Mawayana (Mahuayana), also known as Mapidian (Maopidyán), is a moribund Arawakan language of northern South America. It used to be spoken by Mawayana [nl] people living in ethnic Wai-wai and Tiriyó villages in Brazil, Guyana and Suriname.^[5]^[2] As of 2015, the last two speakers of the language are living in Kwamalasamutu.^[6]^[2] A few rememberers exist who do not use it on a daily basis.^[7]

Classification

Aikhenvald (1999) lists Mawayana (and possibly Mawakwa as a dialect) together with Wapishana under a Rio Branco (North-Arawak) branch of the Arawakan family. Carlin (2006:314) notes that Mawayana "is closely related to Wapishana" and according to Ramirez (2001:530) they share at least 47% of their lexicon.

Phonology

Mawayana has, among its consonants, two implosives, /ɓ/ and /ɗ/, and what has been described as a "retroflex fricativised rhotic", represented with ⟨rž⟩, that it shares with Wapishana. The vowel systems contains four vowels (/i-e, a, ɨ, u-o/), each of which has a nasalised counterpart.^[8]

Consonants

Mawayana consonant phonemes:^[5]
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	plain		t	ʧ	k	ʔ
Plosive	implosive	ɓ	ɗ	ɗʲ
Fricative				ʃ
Rhotic			ɾ
Nasal		m	n
Glide				j	w

Vowels

Mawayana vowel phonemes:^[5]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u~o
Close-mid	e		u~o
Open		a

Vowels have both nasal and length contrast.

Morphology

Mawayana personal affixes:^[5]
	singular	plural
1	n-/m- -na	wa- -wi
2	ɨ-/i- -i	ɨ- -wiko
3	ɾ(ɨ/iʔ)- -sɨ	na- -nu
3 refl.	a-

Mawayana verbal affixes:^[5]
thematic	-ta, -ɗa, -ɓa
present	-e
reciprocal	-(a)ka
adjectival	-ɾe, -ke

Morphosyntax

Mawayana has a polysynthetic morphology, mainly head-marking and with suffixes, although there are pronominal prefixes. The verbal arguments are indexed on the verb through subject suffixes on intransitive verbs, while agent prefixes and object suffixes on transitive verbs.^[9]^: 319

n-kataba-sï

1A-grab.PST-3O

'I grabbed him.'

tõwã-sï

sleep.PST-3S

'He fell asleep.'

nnu

1PN

a-na

when-1S

mauɗa

die

chika-dza

NEG-COMPL

Mawayana

mawayana

'When I die there will be no Mawayana left at all.'

Notes

^ Carlin & Mans 2013:79
^ ^a ^b ^c Mans & Carlin 2015, p. 98.
^ Aikhenvald 1999:69.
^ Hammarström, Harald (September 2015). "Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: A comprehensive review: Online appendices". Language. 91 (3): s1 – s188. doi:10.1353/lan.2015.0049. ISSN 1535-0665.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Meira, Sérgio. 2019. A Study of the Genetic Relation between Mawayana and Wapishana (Arawakan Family) Archived 2021-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas Archived 2019-01-17 at the Wayback Machine (RBLI), vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan.-Jun. 2019), pp. 70-104.
^ Carlin 2006, p. 317.
^ Hornborg, Alf; Hill, Jonathan David (2011). Ethnicity in ancient Amazonia: reconstructing past identities from archaeology, linguistics, and ethnohistory. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-1-60732-094-4.
^ Carlin (2006:320)
^ Carlin 2006.

References

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (1999). "The Arawak language family". In Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.; Dixon, R.M.W. (eds.). The Amazonian languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–106.
Carlin, Eithne B (2006). "Feeling the need. The borrowing of Cariban functional categories into Mawayana (Arawak)". In Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.; Dixon, R.M.W. (eds.). Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carlin, Eithne B (2011). "Nested identities in the Southern Guyana-Surinam corner". In Hornborg, Alf; Hill, Jonathan D. (eds.). Ethnicity in ancient Amazonia: Reconstructing past identities from archaeology, linguistics, and ethnohistory. University Press of Colorado. pp. 225–236.
Carlin, Eithne B; Boven, Karin (2002). "The native population: Migration and identities". In Carlin, Eithne B.; Arends, Jacques (eds.). Atlas of the languages of Suriname. KITLV Press. pp. 11–45.
Carlin, Eithne B; Mans, Jimmy (2013). "Movement through time in the southern Guianas: deconstructing the Amerindian kaleidoscope". In Carlin, Eithne B.; Leglise, Isabelle; Migge, Bettina; et al. (eds.). In and out of Suriname: Language, mobility, and identity. Caribbean Series. Leiden: Brill.
Mans, Jimmy; Carlin, Eithne B. (2015). Movement through Time in the Southern Guianas: Deconstructing the Amerindian Kaleidoscope. Leiden: Brill.
Ramirez, Henri (2001). Línguas Arawak da Amazônia setentrional (in Portuguese). Manaus: Universidade Federal do Amazonas.

External links

The Last of the Mawayana by Unravel magazine