KOI8-R
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| Alias(es) | cp878 (code page 878) |
|---|---|
| Languages | Russian, Bulgarian |
| Classification | 8-bit KOI, extended ASCII |
| Extends | KOI8-B |
| Based on | KOI-8 |
| Other related encodings | KOI8-U, KOI8-RU |
KOI8-R (RFC 1489) is an 8-bit character encoding derived from the KOI-8 encoding by the programmer Andrei Chernov in 1993 and designed to cover Russian, which uses the Russian subset of a Cyrillic script. KOI-8, on its turn, is an 8-bit extension of the KOI-7 encoding, which inherited a phonetic correspondence of Russian and Latin letters from the MTK-2 teletype code. As a result, Russian Cyrillic letters in KOI8-R are in pseudo-Latin alphabetical order rather than the normal Cyrillic one like in ISO 8859-5. Although this may seem unnatural, this has the useful effect that if the 8th bit is stripped, the text remains partially readable in any ASCII-based encoding (including KOI8-R itself) as a case-reversed transliteration. For example, "Код для обмена и обработки информации" (the Russian meaning of the "KOI" acronym) becomes kOD DLQ OBMENA I OBRABOTKI INFORMACII.
KOI-8 stands for 8-bitnyy kod dlya obmena i obrabotki informatsii (Russian: 8-битный код для обмена и обработки информации) which means "8-Bit Code for Information Interchange".[1] In Microsoft Windows, KOI8-R is assigned the code page number 20866. In IBM, KOI8-R is assigned code page 878.[2][3] KOI8-R also happens to cover Bulgarian.
It lacks proper quotation marks for these languages: both «...» and the Bulgarian „...“. Windows-1251 does support these, as well as more letters, and has thus become more popular. KOI8-R is used by less than 0.004% of websites, mostly Russian and Bulgarian.[citation needed] Unicode and UTF-8 is preferred to single-byte Cyrillic encodings in modern applications, Unicode contains 436 Cyrillic letters including for Old Cyrillic.
Character set
[edit]The following table shows the KOI8-R encoding. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point.
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0x | ||||||||||||||||
| 1x | ||||||||||||||||
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | ─ 2500 | │ 2502 | ┌ 250C | ┐ 2510 | └ 2514 | ┘ 2518 | ├ 251C | ┤ 2524 | ┬ 252C | ┴ 2534 | ┼ 253C | ▀ 2580 | ▄ 2584 | █ 2588 | ▌ 258C | ▐ 2590 |
| 9x | ░ 2591 | ▒ 2592 | ▓ 2593 | ⌠ 2320 | ■ 25A0 | ∙ 2219 | √ 221A | ≈ 2248 | ≤ 2264 | ≥ 2265 | NBSP | ⌡ 2321 | ° 00B0 | ² 00B2 | · 00B7 | ÷ 00F7 |
| Ax | ═ 2550 | ║ 2551 | ╒ 2552 | ё 0451 | ╓ 2553 | ╔ 2554 | ╕ 2555 | ╖ 2556 | ╗ 2557 | ╘ 2558 | ╙ 2559 | ╚ 255A | ╛ 255B | ╜ 255C | ╝ 255D | ╞ 255E |
| Bx | ╟ 255F | ╠ 2560 | ╡ 2561 | Ё 0401 | ╢ 2562 | ╣ 2563 | ╤ 2564 | ╥ 2565 | ╦ 2566 | ╧ 2567 | ╨ 2568 | ╩ 2569 | ╪ 256A | ╫ 256B | ╬ 256C | © 00A9 |
| Cx | ю 044E | а 0430 | б 0431 | ц 0446 | д 0434 | е 0435 | ф 0444 | г 0433 | х 0445 | и 0438 | й 0439 | к 043A | л 043B | м 043C | н 043D | о 043E |
| Dx | п 043F | я 044F | р 0440 | с 0441 | т 0442 | у 0443 | ж 0436 | в 0432 | ь 044C | ы 044B | з 0437 | ш 0448 | э 044D | щ 0449 | ч 0447 | ъ 044A |
| Ex | Ю 042E | А 0410 | Б 0411 | Ц 0426 | Д 0414 | Е 0415 | Ф 0424 | Г 0413 | Х 0425 | И 0418 | Й 0419 | К 041A | Л 041B | М 041C | Н 041D | О 041E |
| Fx | П 041F | Я 042F | Р 0420 | С 0421 | Т 0422 | У 0423 | Ж 0416 | В 0412 | Ь 042C | Ы 042B | З 0417 | Ш 0428 | Э 042D | Щ 0429 | Ч 0427 | Ъ 042A |
See also
[edit]- KOI8-B, a derivation of KOI8-R with only the letter subset implemented
- KOI8-U, another derivative encoding which adds Ukrainian characters
- KOI character encodings
- RELCOM
- Windows-1251, another common Cyrillic character encoding
References
[edit]- ^ (in Russian) ГОСТ 19768-74 (СТ СЭВ 358-76). Машины вычислительные и система обработки данных. Коды 8-битные для обмена и обработки информации.
- ^ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 00878 / Name: Russian internet koi8-r". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. IBM. C-H 3-3220-050. Archived from the original on 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
- ^ "CCSID information document; CCSID 878; KOI8-R CYRILLIC". IBM. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
- ^ Richter, Helmut (2016-01-04) [1999-08-18]. "KOI8-R.TXT". 2.0. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00878 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00878 (txt), IBM
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-878_P100-1996.ucm, 2002-12-03
Further reading
[edit]- Flohr, Guido; Kiss, Gabor; Chernov, Andrey A. (2016) [2006]. "Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_R - Conversion routines for KOI8-R". CPAN libintl-perl. 1.0. Archived from the original on 2017-01-15. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- Kostis, Kosta. "koi8-r (Russian U*IX encoding, also used by RELCOM)". 1.20. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- RFC 1489
- "KOI8-R (RFC 1489)". Kermit. Columbia University. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1.3. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
External links
[edit]- Universal Cyrillic decoder, an online program that may help recovering Cyrillic texts with broken KOI8-R or other character encodings.
- "The Home of the KOI8-R since 1995". 1995. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- Czyborra, Roman (1998-11-30) [1998-05-25]. "The Cyrillic Charset Soup". Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
- Hohlov, Yu. E. "Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form - Character Set (Code Page) Tables". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- Nechayev, Valentin (2013) [2001]. "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
| Early telecommunications | |
|---|---|
| ISO/IEC 8859 |
|
| Bibliographic use | |
| National standards | |
| ISO/IEC 2022 | |
| Mac OS Code pages ("scripts") | |
| DOS code pages | |
| IBM AIX code pages | |
| Windows code pages | |
| EBCDIC code pages | |
| DEC terminals (VTx) | |
| Platform specific |
|
| Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646 | |
| TeX typesetting system | |
| Miscellaneous code pages | |
| Control character | |
| Related topics | |
| Alias(es) | cp878 (code page 878) |
|---|---|
| Languages | Russian, Bulgarian |
| Classification | 8-bit KOI, extended ASCII |
| Extends | KOI8-B |
| Based on | KOI-8 |
| Other related encodings | KOI8-U, KOI8-RU |
KOI8-R (RFC 1489) is an 8-bit character encoding derived from the KOI-8 encoding by the programmer Andrei Chernov in 1993 and designed to cover Russian, which uses the Russian subset of a Cyrillic script. KOI-8, on its turn, is an 8-bit extension of the KOI-7 encoding, which inherited a phonetic correspondence of Russian and Latin letters from the MTK-2 teletype code. As a result, Russian Cyrillic letters in KOI8-R are in pseudo-Latin alphabetical order rather than the normal Cyrillic one like in ISO 8859-5. Although this may seem unnatural, this has the useful effect that if the 8th bit is stripped, the text remains partially readable in any ASCII-based encoding (including KOI8-R itself) as a case-reversed transliteration. For example, "Код для обмена и обработки информации" (the Russian meaning of the "KOI" acronym) becomes kOD DLQ OBMENA I OBRABOTKI INFORMACII.
KOI-8 stands for 8-bitnyy kod dlya obmena i obrabotki informatsii (Russian: 8-битный код для обмена и обработки информации) which means "8-Bit Code for Information Interchange".[1] In Microsoft Windows, KOI8-R is assigned the code page number 20866. In IBM, KOI8-R is assigned code page 878.[2][3] KOI8-R also happens to cover Bulgarian.
It lacks proper quotation marks for these languages: both «...» and the Bulgarian „...“. Windows-1251 does support these, as well as more letters, and has thus become more popular. KOI8-R is used by less than 0.004% of websites, mostly Russian and Bulgarian.[citation needed] Unicode and UTF-8 is preferred to single-byte Cyrillic encodings in modern applications, Unicode contains 436 Cyrillic letters including for Old Cyrillic.
Character set
The following table shows the KOI8-R encoding. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point.
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0x | ||||||||||||||||
| 1x | ||||||||||||||||
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | ─ 2500 | │ 2502 | ┌ 250C | ┐ 2510 | └ 2514 | ┘ 2518 | ├ 251C | ┤ 2524 | ┬ 252C | ┴ 2534 | ┼ 253C | ▀ 2580 | ▄ 2584 | █ 2588 | ▌ 258C | ▐ 2590 |
| 9x | ░ 2591 | ▒ 2592 | ▓ 2593 | ⌠ 2320 | ■ 25A0 | ∙ 2219 | √ 221A | ≈ 2248 | ≤ 2264 | ≥ 2265 | NBSP | ⌡ 2321 | ° 00B0 | ² 00B2 | · 00B7 | ÷ 00F7 |
| Ax | ═ 2550 | ║ 2551 | ╒ 2552 | ё 0451 | ╓ 2553 | ╔ 2554 | ╕ 2555 | ╖ 2556 | ╗ 2557 | ╘ 2558 | ╙ 2559 | ╚ 255A | ╛ 255B | ╜ 255C | ╝ 255D | ╞ 255E |
| Bx | ╟ 255F | ╠ 2560 | ╡ 2561 | Ё 0401 | ╢ 2562 | ╣ 2563 | ╤ 2564 | ╥ 2565 | ╦ 2566 | ╧ 2567 | ╨ 2568 | ╩ 2569 | ╪ 256A | ╫ 256B | ╬ 256C | © 00A9 |
| Cx | ю 044E | а 0430 | б 0431 | ц 0446 | д 0434 | е 0435 | ф 0444 | г 0433 | х 0445 | и 0438 | й 0439 | к 043A | л 043B | м 043C | н 043D | о 043E |
| Dx | п 043F | я 044F | р 0440 | с 0441 | т 0442 | у 0443 | ж 0436 | в 0432 | ь 044C | ы 044B | з 0437 | ш 0448 | э 044D | щ 0449 | ч 0447 | ъ 044A |
| Ex | Ю 042E | А 0410 | Б 0411 | Ц 0426 | Д 0414 | Е 0415 | Ф 0424 | Г 0413 | Х 0425 | И 0418 | Й 0419 | К 041A | Л 041B | М 041C | Н 041D | О 041E |
| Fx | П 041F | Я 042F | Р 0420 | С 0421 | Т 0422 | У 0423 | Ж 0416 | В 0412 | Ь 042C | Ы 042B | З 0417 | Ш 0428 | Э 042D | Щ 0429 | Ч 0427 | Ъ 042A |
See also
- KOI8-B, a derivation of KOI8-R with only the letter subset implemented
- KOI8-U, another derivative encoding which adds Ukrainian characters
- KOI character encodings
- RELCOM
- Windows-1251, another common Cyrillic character encoding
References
- ^ (in Russian) ГОСТ 19768-74 (СТ СЭВ 358-76). Машины вычислительные и система обработки данных. Коды 8-битные для обмена и обработки информации.
- ^ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 00878 / Name: Russian internet koi8-r". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. IBM. C-H 3-3220-050. Archived from the original on 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
- ^ "CCSID information document; CCSID 878; KOI8-R CYRILLIC". IBM. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
- ^ Richter, Helmut (2016-01-04) [1999-08-18]. "KOI8-R.TXT". 2.0. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00878 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
- ^ Code Page CPGID 00878 (txt), IBM
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-878_P100-1996.ucm, 2002-12-03
Further reading
- Flohr, Guido; Kiss, Gabor; Chernov, Andrey A. (2016) [2006]. "Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_R - Conversion routines for KOI8-R". CPAN libintl-perl. 1.0. Archived from the original on 2017-01-15. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- Kostis, Kosta. "koi8-r (Russian U*IX encoding, also used by RELCOM)". 1.20. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- RFC 1489
- "KOI8-R (RFC 1489)". Kermit. Columbia University. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1.3. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
External links
- Universal Cyrillic decoder, an online program that may help recovering Cyrillic texts with broken KOI8-R or other character encodings.
- "The Home of the KOI8-R since 1995". 1995. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- Czyborra, Roman (1998-11-30) [1998-05-25]. "The Cyrillic Charset Soup". Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
- Hohlov, Yu. E. "Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form - Character Set (Code Page) Tables". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- Nechayev, Valentin (2013) [2001]. "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
| Early telecommunications | |
|---|---|
| ISO/IEC 8859 |
|
| Bibliographic use | |
| National standards | |
| ISO/IEC 2022 | |
| Mac OS Code pages ("scripts") | |
| DOS code pages | |
| IBM AIX code pages | |
| Windows code pages | |
| EBCDIC code pages | |
| DEC terminals (VTx) | |
| Platform specific |
|
| Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646 | |
| TeX typesetting system | |
| Miscellaneous code pages | |
| Control character | |
| Related topics | |
