Ende language (Indonesia)
| Ende | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | central Flores |
| Ethnicity | Ende |
Native speakers | 110,000 (2009)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Lontara script (Lota Ende variant) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | end |
| Glottolog | ende1246 |
| Coordinates: 8°43′S 121°34′E / 8.71°S 121.56°E / -8.71; 121.56 | |
Ende is an Austronesian language spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half of Indonesia.[2] It belongs to the Central Flores subgroup.[3]
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ ⟨'⟩ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| prenasalized | ᵐb ⟨mb⟩ | ⁿd ⟨nd⟩ | ᵑɡ ⟨ngg⟩ | |||
| implosive | ɓ ⟨bh⟩ | ɗ ⟨dh⟩ | ||||
| Affricate | d͡ʒ ⟨j⟩ | |||||
| Fricative | f | s | ɣ ⟨gh⟩ | (h) | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | ɹ ⟨rh⟩ | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e ⟨é⟩ | ə ⟨e⟩ | o |
| Open | a |
Grammar
Like all Central Flores languages, Ende has a highly isolating structure.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Ende at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
- ^ a b c McDonnell, Bradley (2009). "A Preliminary Description of Ende Phonology" (PDF). Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 2: 195–226.
- ^ Elias, Alexander (2019). Lio and the Central Flores languages (M.A. thesis). Leiden University. hdl:1887/69452.
- ^ Elias, Alexander (2020). "Are the Central Flores languages really typologically unusual?". Berkeley: University of California.
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